Meet the editors

Li Ping Wong, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia. She earned her PhD in Medical Science (Epidemiology) from the University of Malaya. She takes part in the faculty's research methodology, epidemiology, and biostatistical teaching both at undergraduate and graduate levels. Her current research interests and more than 120 publications are in the areas of social

epidemiology and behavioral medicine. She has worked on a series of articles concerning risky behaviors (electronic cigarettes use, antisocial behaviors, and unprotected sexual intercourse), public health and preventive behaviors (H1N1 influenza, cervical cancer, human papillomavirus, and HIV infection), behavioral responses to emerging infectious diseases (2009 influenza H1N1 and Zika), and sexual reproductive health (midlife crisis, dysmenorrheal, and premenstrual syndromes).

Prof. Dr. Victor Hoe is an occupational physician with a practice in the University Malaya Medical Centre and teaches at the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. He has worked with ExxonMobil, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Social Security Organization, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Pengkalan Hulu Health Clinic,

and Ministry of Health Malaysia. He has been involved in various research projects, including being part of the multinational research project Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability, which involved researchers from 18 countries, and the cohort study on clustering of lifestyle risk factors and understanding their association with stress on health and wellbeing among school teachers in Malaysia (CLUS-Ter). He was also involved in various consultancy projects on occupational health and environmental impact assessment. He has published 38 papers and abstracts in peer-reviewed journals. He is the editor of *BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders*, *Medical Journal of Malaysia*, and *Journal of Health and Translational Medicine* (JUMMEC). He is currently council member for the Academy of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Malaysia and the College of Public Health Medicine-Academy of Medicine Malaysia, and an executive member for the Malaysian Medical Association Wilayah Branch, the Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health, and the International Commission for Occupational Health National Secretary for Malaysia.

Contents

*by Narendra Maddu*

*by Azim Chowdhury*

*by Linda Tang*

*by Xiu Liu*

**Preface III**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 17**

**Chapter 3 35**

**Chapter 4 45**

**Chapter 5 57**

Impact of Smoking in a Tobacco-Growing Developing Country: A Review

*by Ignatio Madanhire and Charles Mbohwa*

What is e-Cigarette and Associated Health Risks

Pain Associated with the Use of Electronic Cigarettes

Regulation of Electronic Cigarettes in the United States

Antagonism of Opioid μ Receptors for Smoking Cessation

## Contents


Preface

Tobacco smoking is one of the greatest causes of mortality in the world. It is a dangerous lifestyle choice that results in increased risk of premature death and serious morbidities. Although the adverse health effects from tobacco usage are well documented, this book provides a detailed compilation of health risks associated with tobacco smoking and its impact. Environmental smoke causes the same serious conditions as active smoking. The implication of passive smoking and serious health implications for both children and adults are highlighted to increase knowledge of the health effects of second-hand smoke. Therefore, apart from physical health risk, social health risk and the environmental impact of smoking are illustrated to create societal recognition of the dangers of smoking and support for a smoke-free

Electronic cigarettes are marketed as a smoking cessation product and a healthier alternative to smoked tobacco. The issue of electronic cigarettes is one of the most controversial topics in public health. The positive health effects described in this book are that electronic cigarettes can help individuals quit smoking, they are healthier than smoking, and they have no smoke or second-hand smoke exposure. However, the health effects of electronic cigarettes have been a contentious topic in the scientific community. Some evidence suggests that electronic cigarette use may facilitate smoking cessation, but definitive data are lacking. Thus, this book also presents a collection of ideas and research findings of the role of electronic cigarettes in the prevention and cessation strategies of smoking. This book is beneficial as a guidance for people who want to quit smoking with the aid of electronic cigarettes and to understand their health impacts and dangers. The empirical evidence of the adverse health impacts of electronic smoking is described. Electronic cigarette laws

**Li Ping Wong and Victor Hoe**

University of Malaya,

Malaysia

Department of Social and Preventive Medicine,

environment.

and regulation are also discussed in this book.
