**Abstract**

Nephrotic syndrome is a general type of kidney disease seen in children. In the past, Roelans is credited with the first clinical description of nephrotic syndrome in the late fifteenth century. Nephrotic syndrome is appropriate to excessive hypoalbuminemia, edema, and proteinuria may be hyperlipidemia also present in some cases. Periorbital swelling with or without edema of the body is observed in first starting little period of life, frequently show in children with this condition. Nephrotic syndrome starts develops due functional and structural changes in the GFB, consequential difficulty to control protein in the urine. Nephrotic syndrome possibly causes due to some of glomerular diseases and systemic diseases, but significantly the mostly in childhood is unknown nephrotic syndrome. The first significant improvement with introduction of sulfonamides and then penicillin was seen in 1939. The beginning of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisone greater decrease in mortality (to 9%), in the 1950s it was noted to happen in association with spectacular declaration of proteinuria. Etiology of nephrotic syndrome is also age reliant. Most cases reported in the first 3 months of life are referred to as congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) and are due to genetic diseases.

**Keywords:** nephrotic syndrome, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, glomerular filtration barrier, congenital nephrotic syndrome
