**7. Biochemistry of DDM and DBM**

 Both DDM and DBM are composed of predominantly type I collagen (95%) and matrix-binding proteins such as BMPs [39, 43, 44]. BMPs bind to type I collagen of dentin and bone, even after complete demineralization (**Figures 1** and **2**). The fact is a reason why DDM and DBM induce bone and cartilage. Completely demineralized rabbit dentin matrix induced bone in the muscle at 4 weeks, while calcified dentin induced bone at 8–12 weeks after implantation [45, 46]. Many researchers made effort to discover dentin-derived BMPs [31, 47–49]. In 1990, BMPs, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-II, were detected in human dentin [50]. Moreover, DDM and DBM possess the ability to coagulate blood plasmas [51]. The coagulation action of blood plasma by DDM should become advantageous for surgical operations. Interestingly, antibacterial activity within degradation products of biological scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix was published [52]. Additionally, extracellular matrix extracts from the dentin and pulp showed antibacterial activity against three types of anaerobic bacteria associated with dental disease [53].
