**2. Bone graft**

 In 1861, a surgeon from Lyon, France named Leopold Ollier was the first to describe the term bone graft (French: "greffe osseuse") in his document "Traité de la régénération des os" [3]. It was considered a surgical procedure to promote bone healing for several reasons, like injury and disease utilizing a bone transplant.

Bone graft is the alternative choice to address the problem associated with bone disease. Bone grafts are basically bone-like materials that come from living donor, post mortem donors, or artificially constructed, which are used for healing, strengthening, or improvement of bone function in disease or injury.

### **2.1 Properties of ideal bone graft**

The ideal bone substitute material should exhibit several important properties [4, 5]. This includes:


*Application of Bone Substitutes and Its Future Prospective in Regenerative Medicine DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85092* 


Besides the above-mentioned characteristics, the ideal bone substitutes must strengthen bone healing by following the mechanism which involves osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction [10], which are mentioned here:


**Figure 1.**  *Classification of bone grafting substitutes.* 
