*Food Contamination DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89802*

*Mycotoxins and Food Safety*

**Mycotoxin name Producer microorganism**

Trichothecenes *Fusarium* spp*.*

Tremorgenic toxins *Penicillium* Ergot alkaloids *Claviceps*

*The major mycotoxins and producer microorganism.*

**6.2 Preharvest**

**Table 5.**

listed below:

• control of climate;

• control of fertilizer;

• control of weed;

• biological control;

• control of insect, rodent, and birds;

• control of planting date control;

• prevention of early splitting in nuts; and

• control of water activity and water stress.

• control of irrigation time;

Mycotoxins can be produced in some natural food products due to the plants that are infected by mycotoxigenic species of molds group from farm. Preharvest practices include obtaining proper planting conditions such as soil ingredient, field qualification, crop rotation, irrigation, insect prevention, and antifungal treatment [20]. As a matter of fact the preharvest condition control is the first line of mycotoxin prevention therefore the implementation of good agricultural practices (GAP) is needful. Some important tips for preventing mycotoxins in preharvest stage are

Aflatoxins *A. flavus, A. parasiticus*, *Aspergillus bombycis*, *Aspergillus ochraceoroseus*, *Aspergillus nomius*, and *Aspergillus pseudotamari* Ochratoxins (ochratoxin A) *Aspergillus ochraceus*, *Aspergillus carbonarius*, *Aspergillus melleus*, *Aspergillus* 

Zearalenone *Fusarium*, *F. culmorum*, *F. graminearum*, *F. sporotrichioides*

Fumonisins *Fusarium proliferatum*, *Fusarium verticillioides*

Moniliformin *Fusarium* species (mainly *F. proliferatum*)

*sclerotiorum*, *Aspergillus sulphureus*, *Pichia verrucossum*

Mycotoxin production could intensify by any inconsideration in harvest level. The main strategies in harvesting are including utilization of efficient harvesting/ collecting/transportation equipment, attention to harvesting time, control of moisture and full maturity of product, inhibition of crop damages during harvesting. The delayed harvest could influence the development of mycotoxin contamination.

**10**

**6.3 Harvest**

The aflatoxin incidence in maize and nuts during delayed harvest were reported in many literatures. In the harvest stage it should be avoid contacting the harvested crop with the ground in order to prevent further contamination [21]. Some of major tips in order to prevention of mycotoxins in harvest stage are listed below:

