Meet the editor

Dr. Umashankar Lakshmanadoss completed his training at the University of Rochester, NY, USA. He served as Director of the Inpatient Medical Consult Service at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and then joined the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine at Guthrie Clinic, Sayre, PA, USA. He then pursued training in cardiac electrophysiology at William Beaumont School of Medicine and continued advanced cardiac electro-

physiology training at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. He served as an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA, where he was also the director of the complex arrhythmia ablation program. His research interest is in the field of cardiac electrophysiology. Currently, he is the Director of Cardiac Electrophysiology at Mercy Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Xin Gao*

**Section 2**

*by Hakan Altay*

Cardiomyopathy

*by Nevra Alkanli and Arzu Ay*

**Preface III**

Basic Science of Electrocardiography **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 19**

**Chapter 3 45**

Clinical Applications of Electrocardiography **59**

**Chapter 4 61**

**Chapter 5 75**

**Chapter 6 91**

Genetic Polymorphisms that Playing Role in Development of Hypertrophic

Diagnosing Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) via Deep Learning

Combination of the CEEM Decomposition with Adaptive Noise

*by Azzedine Dliou, Samir Elouaham, Rachid Latif and Mostafa Laaboubi*

Characteristics of Atrial Premature Beat ECG Signals on Variant Maps

and Periodogram Technique for ECG Signals Analysis

Visualization of ECG Data on Variant Maps

*by Lihua Leng, Jeffery Zheng and Jing Zhang*

Ventricular Tachycardia and Heart Failure

*by Zhihui Hou and Jeffrey Zheng*

## Contents


Preface

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. We all continue to struggle to have a better outcome from cardiovascular diseases. Early diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases play a major role to achieve this goal. However, appropriate diagnoses of cardiovascular diseases—either ischemic heart disease or arrhythmias remains a challenge. The electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a major role in diagnosing both ischemic heart disease and arrhythmia disorders. Hence, it plays a vital role in

This book provides an excellent overview of the diagnosis of abnormal ECGs, and is divided into two sections, including basic and practical applications of ECGs. In the first section, the authors provide an excellent discussion on the basic techniques of obtaining and processing electrocardiogram signals through deep learning methods; these are optimal techniques that can link the processing and analysis of nonstationary ECG signals, and the various statistical methods for converting ECG data into variant maps. In the second section, the authors provided a comprehensive review of the practical applications of ECGs. They discuss the application of various methods for identifying premature atrial beats, ECG characteristics of right and left ventricular tachyarrhythmia, and conditions producing left ventricular hypertro-

Although improvements in primary and secondary prevention of cardiac disease have resulted in a substantial reduction in overall mortality from cardiovascular diseases, the incidence and prevalence of sudden cardiac arrest have not declined. The most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest is ventricular tachycardia. It is common knowledge that congestive heart failure is a major public health problem worldwide. Patients with very low ejection fraction are at high risk of having ventricular tachycardia, which eventually leads to sudden cardiac arrest. In this book, we have an excellent review of the management of ventricular tachycardia in the setting of congestive heart failure. Similarly, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is another cardiac disease that can produce sudden cardiac arrest in a relatively healthy population. This needs to be identified as soon as possible and action taken. Also provided is an excellent review addressing the genetic polymorphisms that play a major role in the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. I sincerely believe that this will serve as a reference for clinicians who are involved in the

I gratefully acknowledge the invaluable organizational skills of the publisher IntechOpen, the timely and invaluable assistance of publishing process manager Ms. Rozmari Marijan, the design, technical generator, and information technology staff, and finally the marketing representatives who are working constantly to promote the book on various platforms. I sincerely appreciate and applaud all the contributing authors for their excellence, and hard work and commitment to the chapters. They have taken time from their personal and professional lives to com-

the field of cardiology.

phy, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

complex cardiac care of these patients.

plete this task. I thank them profusely for that.
