**Estimating of proteinuria during pregnancy**

Urine protein excretion increases in pregnancy and upto 300 mg /day is normal. Albumin excretion is also increased .These values return to normal by 6th month post partum. Twentyfour-hour urine collection, although the gold standard for proteinuria quantification is cumbersome, inaccurate and result is delayed. The use of the protein to creatinine ratio ( P:C ratio) to estimate24-h protein excretion is controversial in pregnancy though it has become the preferred method for the quantification of proteinuria in non pregnant population, because of high accuracy, reproducibility, and convenience. Most misclassifications occur in women with borderline proteinuria (250 to 400 mg/d). Hence, it is reasonable to use urine P:C ratio for diagnosis , with 24-h collection undertaken when result is equivocal.

**Renal biopsy in pregnancy** - Indications include severe symptomatic nephrotic syndrome and rapidly progressive renal failure. Biopsy can be done in 2nd trimester with patient in lateral position.
