Meet the editor

Marco Cascella, MD, works in the Department of Anesthesia Pain Medicine and Supportive Care at the National Cancer Institute, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale" (INT – Pascale), Naples, Italy, where he conducts clinical and preclinical research projects in anesthesia and pain medicine. He is also a professor of Physiology in Biomedical Laboratory Techniques at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Naples

Federico II, and a professor of Anesthesia and Pneumology in the School of Nursing at the same university. Dr. Cascella graduated in Medicine and Surgery with honors in 1997 from the Second University of Naples. He undertook postgraduate studies in anesthesia and intensive care, earning his doctorate in 2001. He is a member of the expert committee in cancer pain and palliative care of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Reanimation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI). He is a research editor for the Italian Ministry of Health and an editorial board member of several medical journals. He has spoken at numerous conferences and conventions and is the author of about 100 scientific publications, books, and book chapters in the fields of anesthesia, pathophysiology, pain treatment, oncology, and palliative care.

Contents

**Section 1**

Pain Treatment *by Marco Cascella*

*by Sameer Shaikh*

**Section 2**

*by Hollis Krug*

**Preface III**

Acute Pain **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 13**

**Chapter 3 27**

**Chapter 4 37**

Chronic Pain: Advanced Treatments **55**

**Chapter 5 57**

**Chapter 6 73** Features and Clinical Effectiveness of the Regenerative Injection Treatments: Prolotherapy and Platelet-Rich Plasma for Musculoskeletal Pain Management

Introductory Chapter: The Rationale for a Multimodal Approach to

From the Origins of the Opioid Use (and Misuse) to the Challenge of

The Utility of Patient-Controlled Analgesia for Managing Acute Pain in

The Use of Neurotoxins for Palliative Treatment of Chronic Joint Pain

Management of Odontogenic and Nonodontogenic Oral Pain

Opioid-Free Pain Management in Surgery *by Nicholas Yim and Fereydoun Don Parsa*

the Emergency Department *by Mark Bender and Linda Papa*

*by Ilker Solmaz and Aydan Orscelik*

## Contents



Preface

In recent decades, notable advances have been carried out in pain medicine due to enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiology of acute and chronic pain, the newest pharmacological options, the significant role of nonpharmacological strategies, and the development of minimally invasive approaches. In particular, individualized, dynamic, and multicomponent paths (multimodal therapy) represent a real revolu-

Nevertheless, to date, pain relief often remains an unmet need. For instance, up to 80% of postsurgical patients experience pain, which is described as severe in 10–20% of cases. Furthermore, primary and secondary chronic painful conditions are often managed by focusing only on pain intensity instead of considering the multiple aspects related to disease and disability. This poses a great challenge because pain as a symptom and pain as a disease are leading causes of suffering and disability. Furthermore, undertreated pain leads to serious problems such as increased opioid prescription and use, which can result in opioid addiction.

This book analyzes several important aspects of pain treatment, from acute pain in surgical settings to chronic pain in cancer and other diseases, from opioids research to interventional procedures, and from optimization of conventional strategies to innovative therapeutic approaches. Coverage of these topics augmented with attractive iconography and up-to-date references. This volume is an important source for specialized pain therapists, owing to the comprehensive coverage of the topics and the scientific value of each chapter. Furthermore, for nonspecialized physicians, it

I would like to express thanks to all the internationally recognized experts in the treatment of pain who collaborated in producing this volume. Finally, I am especially grateful to Mr. Luka Cvjetkovic, author service manager at IntechOpen publishing. This book offered me the opportunity to collaborate with a qualified professional and it is my sincere belief that this significant partnership will be

**Marco Cascella**

Naples, Italy

Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine,

Istituto Nazionale Tumori – IRCCS – Fondazione 'G. Pascale',

is a very useful guide for managing different types of pain.

further strengthened in the years to come.

tion in this field of medicine.

*Non est vivere, sed valere vita est Marcus Valerius Martialis*

*Epigrammaton Liber VI, Carmen 70, 15*
