**6. Conclusion**

*The Human Auditory System - Basic Features and Updates on Audiological Diagnosis and Therapy*

**Presentation parameters Setting**

*Authors' data using SmartEP equipment.*

Transducer Insert phones

Stimulation Right ear Stimulus Syllable /da/ Stimulus duration 40 ms Presentation rate 10.9/s Window 80–100 ms

Polarity Alternating Intensity 80 dBnHL Number of stimuli 6000

Reproducibility 2 × 3000 stimuli Condition of evaluation awake and quiet Impedance 3k Ohms Artifact rejection >10%

Equipment SmartEP Intelligent Hearing Systems (IHS)

*FFRs of an adult aged 25 years (top) and another aged 70 (bottom). Note the increase in latency of the waves.* 

Filter Low pass of 100 Hz and high pass of 2000 Hz

Low pass of 100 Hz and high pass of 3000 Hz

Electrodes Fz, Fpz, M1, M2 or Cz, M1, M2

**150**

**Table 14.**

**Figure 3.**

*Parameters of FFR in adults and the elderly.*

FFR evaluations can be included as an extra examination in diagnostic testing and have an important role in crosschecking the results. It can also greatly assist making differential diagnoses in different clinical populations. However, each age group has FFRs with specific characteristics, so it is important that the audiologist has access to good normative values for the different age groups (infants and toddlers, young children, children and adolescents, adults and the elderly).
