*4.1.1 Case study 1*

*Inflammatory Heart Diseases*

**3. Procedure**

tion of the scales.

size was 162.

analysis.

**3.1 Analysis of data**

**4. Qualitative analysis**

of family and socioeconomic status.

individual. Total eight questions were framed to get details about values of person out of which four questions were framed to get details about money and remaining four questions were framed to get details about religious values. A five point rating scale is used to measure the responses of the person. Higher the scores on money and religious value more risky lifestyle whereas lower scores indicate

A special permission was sought to collect the data of CHD male patients from cardiac care unit (CCU) of Pune city which includes Ruby Hall Clinic, Jahangir Hospital, DinDayal Heart Institute, Dinanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Joshi Hospital,

On the initial contact, after noting down residential address of the patients, a formal permission was sought to see them at home after discharge from CCU within 10 days. Special visits were made to see the CHD patients from Khadki, Dapodi, Aund, Pimpari, Chinchwad, Vishrantwadi and Katraj in Pune city to interview and complete the psychological measures. After establishing proper rapport and explaining the objectives and purpose of the study the patients of CHD co-operated whole heartedly. All the scales and interview schedule used for this study were given individually to each patient at his residence. All the patients were assured that information given by them would be kept confidential and utilized solely for research purpose only. They were also instructed to ask for clarification of any doubtful item, specific instructions for each scale were printed at the beginning of the scale. No time limit was imposed for the comple-

Immediately within a week the sample of Non-CHD individuals were selected after medical checkup by the physician who labeled them as normal as they were not suffering from any disease. The patients and Non-CHD individuals were matched one to one on each of the variables of age, education, occupation, family type and socioeconomic status. A matched normal was assessed by psychological tests and was interviewed personally by visiting their houses. Initially it was proposed to take 75 numbers of data for both CHD patients and matched normal. But effective rapport and co-operation by CHD patients and matched non-CHD individuals the sample size was increased to 85, out of which four were rejected because the questionnaires were incomplete. In the present study the no of CHD patients were 81 and matched Non-CHD individuals were 81. So the total sample

Data were analyzed with the help of statistical techniques like descriptive statistics, and 't' test. However, a few cases were explained to understand the qualitative

Analysis of personal data sheet was carried out. A personal data sheet comprising 14 items was prepared. The information in the personal data sheet was sought in order to match patients of CHD and non-CHD individuals on age, education, type

healthy lifestyle. Split half reliability was calculated and it is 0.89.

Kashibai Navale Hospital and Sasoon Hospital.

**160**

A CHD patient of 37 years old working as a senior manager from last 2 years. He represents a nuclear family having a wife and a daughter. He had no family history of any disease. He is non-vegetarian and most of the time had outside eatables. He is a chain smoker. He is workaholic, carrier and money oriented and no time to spend with his family. A matched non-CHD individual also non vegetarian but most of time take his meal with family and rarely had outside eatables. He does not have any bad habit like smoking, chewing tobacco, etc. He had perfect compartment of work place and for family. He spends his weekends with picnic, get-together with friends, His priority to people and money.


**Table 1.**

*Sample distribution according to age (N = 162).*

**Figure 1.** *Sample distribution according to age.*

#### *Inflammatory Heart Diseases*


**Table 2.**

*Sample distribution according to education (N = 162).*

#### **Figure 2.**

*Sample distribution according to education.*


#### **Table 3.**

*Sample distribution according to family type (N = 162).*

**Figure 3.** *Sample distribution according to family type.*

#### *4.1.2 Case study 2*

A CHD patient of 45 years working as a senior lecturer from last 14 years. He represents a nuclear family of a wife and two daughters. He had no family history of any disease. He is vegetarian, not spend a single minute for exercise. He always chews tobacco. He is very competitive and always feels unhappy about his life and feels unlucky. He is religious and always depends on god. "I am very unlucky." "Asel debauch manat tar milel" such type of dialog often with him. He does not spend money, always worried about dowry and marriage of daughters. A matched Non-CHD individual is vegetarian as well as non-vegetarian. He daily takes a walk for half an hour. He is happy go lucky enjoy all the moments and takes responsibility of his work. The qualitative description of the two representative cases of CHD and non-CHD groups clearly demonstrates the noticeable differences in lifestyle factors. Results have been now discussed quantitatively.

**163**

*The Role of Lifestyle in Development of Coronary Heart Disease*

*Sample distribution according to socio-economic status (N = 162).*

**Annual income CHD patients Non-CHD individuals**

1,00,000–3,00,000 04 04 3,00,000–6,00,000 31 31 6,00,000–9,00,000 29 29 9,00,000 & above 17 17

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86866*

**5. Quantitative analysis**

**Table 4.**

**Figure 4.**

individuals" is accepted.

significant for subscales of lifestyle.

*Socio-economic status and percentage of people.*

**5.1 Lifestyle among patients of CHD and matched non-CHD individuals**

The results of present study indicate that the mean differences were statistically

With reference to **Table 5**, CHD and lifestyle risk factors showed a significant positive association with sleeping habits, dietary habits, exercise and Smoking respectively. It was also appeared that there was a positive link between poor social interactions, poor intimacy, more external locus of control and more money and religious values. So, the hypothesis, "Patients of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) would score higher on subscales of lifestyle as compared to matched Non-CHD

The results of the present study support the findings of the earlier studies in association with lifestyle and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Gupta and Gupta [18] carried out a study on Indian male. In the present study, it was found that lifestyle risk factors like diet, smoking habits plays an important role in development of CHD. Orth-Gomer et al. [20] have demonstrated that low social support and poor social integration predicted incidence of major coronary events. The results revealed that the patients of CHD showed significant differences on locus of control, it indicates that the patients were titled towards external locus of control due to which they experienced the high stress on the other hand the matched non-CHD individuals due to their internal locus of control experienced less amount of stress and remain healthy [21]. The obtained results were discussed in the light of violation of assumption and compared with the results of earlier studies with necessary caution. A positive family history of premature coronary heart disease is recognized as an independent predictor for cardiovascular mortality in the first degree relatives. This will enable public health and behavioral epidemiologists to plan and target appropriate and effective preventive lifestyle

*The Role of Lifestyle in Development of Coronary Heart Disease DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86866*


**Table 4.**

*Inflammatory Heart Diseases*

**162**

*4.1.2 Case study 2*

*Sample distribution according to family type.*

**Figure 3.**

**Figure 2.**

**Table 2.**

**Table 3.**

*Sample distribution according to education.*

*Sample distribution according to education (N = 162).*

*Sample distribution according to family type (N = 162).*

Results have been now discussed quantitatively.

A CHD patient of 45 years working as a senior lecturer from last 14 years. He represents a nuclear family of a wife and two daughters. He had no family history of any disease. He is vegetarian, not spend a single minute for exercise. He always chews tobacco. He is very competitive and always feels unhappy about his life and feels unlucky. He is religious and always depends on god. "I am very unlucky." "Asel debauch manat tar milel" such type of dialog often with him. He does not spend money, always worried about dowry and marriage of daughters. A matched Non-CHD individual is vegetarian as well as non-vegetarian. He daily takes a walk for half an hour. He is happy go lucky enjoy all the moments and takes responsibility of his work. The qualitative description of the two representative cases of CHD and non-CHD groups clearly demonstrates the noticeable differences in lifestyle factors.

Joint family 23 23 Nuclear family 58 58

**Education CHD patients Non-CHD individuals**

H.S.C./Diploma 09 09 Graduation 43 43 Postgraduation 29 29

**CHD patients Non-CHD individuals**

*Sample distribution according to socio-economic status (N = 162).*

**Figure 4.**

*Socio-economic status and percentage of people.*
