**10. Association of serum homocysteine with atherosclerosis**

According to Wu et al., there was correlation between serum homocysteine level with carotid intima-media thickness and total number of plaques and unstable plaques [84]. He also reported that serum homocysteine level was correlated with stenosis of ICAs and external carotid arteries (ECA) [84]. In a study on middleaged asymptomatic women, serum homocysteine was significantly associated with atherosclerosis change after adjustment for age, LDL, diastolic blood pressure and body mass index [108].

In conclusion, raised serum homocysteine should be diagnosed early as this can lead to increased CIMT, carotid plaque and extracranial carotid stenosis. Raised serum homocysteine level can be managed with folic acid and vitamin supplementation.

### **Acknowledgements**

We would like to thank Dr. Lattish Rao Threemurthy and Dr. Parathythasan a/l Rajaandra for their help.

**145**

**Author details**

Mei-Ling Sharon Tai1

Abdul Rashid Mat Mahidin<sup>2</sup>

University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

provided the original work is properly cited.

\*, Kuo Ghee Ong2

2 SOCSO Tun Razak Rehabilitation Centre, Melaka, Malaysia

\*Address all correspondence to: sharont1990@gmail.com

, Tsun Haw Toh1

and Esther Kar Mun Yeow1

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

1 Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,

, Hafez Hussain2

,

*Atherosclerosis at Extracranial Carotid Vessels and Serum Homocysteine*

Supported by University of Malaya UMCares grant RU013-2017C.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89826*

**Funding**

*Atherosclerosis at Extracranial Carotid Vessels and Serum Homocysteine DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89826*
