Preface

With the rapid development of modern medical technology, endoscopic technology has also achieved unprecedented development. Its fields cover examination, treatment, surgery, and even molecular imaging diagnosis. Endoscopy technology brings a minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment experience to patients. Invasive treatment and examination of digestive surgery has changed from large incisions to several Trocar holes, from surgery to endoscopic treatment, and from laparotomy to endoscopy or laparoscopy, which has changed the diagnosis treatment and management of digestive surgery, enhanced the recovery after surgery, and benefited the patients needing to undergo surgical procedures. It is for this reason that we plan to introduce the development of endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery in digestive surgery and enhanced rehabilitation medicine.

With the latest improvements, the different types of endoscopy are classified according to the sites of the body or the techniques of the system, including endoscope, laparoscope, and microscope. In its infancy, an endoscope was mainly used to examine the gastrointestinal trunk and later it was applied in many other systems with a canal or cavity, and even an iatrogenic one. In addition to this, endoscopy also became a treatment approach, such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic hemostasis, and so on, therefore not only limited to examinations. Laparoscopes are mostly manipulated by surgeons to finish an operation instead of laparotomies, minimizing the trauma from surgery itself, benefiting the patients suffering from general surgery diseases, and achieving enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). All the applications of endoscopy are covered in the chapters of this book.

> **Qiang Yan, MD PhD FACS and Xu Sun, MD** Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

**1**

Section 1

Introduction: The Advance

of Endoscopy

Section 1
