Introduction: The Advance of Endoscopy

**3**

**Chapter 1**

*Qiang Yan*

and ERAS

**1. The history of endoscopy**

surgery and enhanced rehabilitation medicine.

system center, and television monitor.

by a small internal bulb decades later.

Introductory Chapter: Endoscopy

I am honored that the editorial department gave me this opportunity and provided a platform for me to write this book *Endoscopy*. I have been majoring in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery for more than 20 years. I have witnessed the vigorous development of modern medicine and experienced the rise of minimally invasive treatment of digestive surgery. Invasive treatment and examination of digestive surgery have passed from large incisions more than 20 cm to several 1 cmlength Trocar holes, from surgery to endoscopic treatment, and from laparotomy to endoscopy or laparoscopy, which have changed the idea of the diagnosis treatment and management of digestive surgery, enhanced the recovery after surgery, and benefited the patients needing to undergo surgical procedures. It is for this reason that I plan to introduce the development of endoscopy and laparoscopy in digestive

An endoscope is a tube equipped with a light that can enter the body through the natural orifice of the body or through a small incision made by surgery. The original endoscope was made of hard tubes and was invented more than two centuries ago. Endoscopes are inserted into a canal or cavity to examine and obtain medical images directly, compared to other imaging techniques. With the improvement, the endoscopy varies into different types according to the sites of the body or the techniques of the system. The electronic endoscopy system is the most popular nowadays, which is mainly composed of three main parts: endoscope, video information

Although had the first generational endoscopy gradually improved since the invention, they had still not been widely used. Later, Philipp Bozzini developed the first endoscope with a light conductor, which made the examination of orifice visible in 1806. In the 1950s, endoscopes were made of hoses, so they could easily bend around every corner of the body. In 1965, Harold Hopkins installed a lens on the endoscope to make the field of vision clearer. Today's endoscopes usually have two fiberglass tubes through which light enters the body. Through another tube or camera for observation, some endoscopes even have micro integrated circuit sen-

The use of light source is an important step in the development of endoscopes, making the examinations and surgeries via cystoscopy, hysteroscopy, colonoscopy, and laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, and even nasaloscopy routine procedures since sir Francis Cruise applied an external light source into the system, which was replaced

Hans Christian Jacobaeus has been recognized as the first physician to explore the abdominal and thoracic cavity in his publications of laparoscopy (1912) and thoracoscopy (1910) [2]. Actually, laparoscopy is a kind of endoscopy, which was used first to diagnose the diseases of liver and gallbladder by Heinz Kalk in the

sors to feed back the observed information to the computer [1].

#### **Chapter 1**
