**Author details**

*Redirecting Alzheimer Strategy - Tracing Memory Loss to Self Pathology*

*2-D gel electrophoresis of purified BC: after isoelectric focusing, IPG was run horizontally over 12.5% gel* 

dot further supporting the purity nature of BC. The position of the spot was approximately in the range of 7–8 pH on IPF strip (pH 3–10) suggesting the pl of BC as 7–8. All data are expressed as mean ± SE for three different sets of experiments; statistical significance was conducted employing one-way ANOVA. A probability

The drug inducing changes in protein function leading to adverse side effects is

Even small structural differences in protein conformation can lead to drastic changes in functional parameters [26]. Addition of small molecules such as many drugs, particularly those with local anesthetics, tranquilizers, and antidepressants, can bind to the native state and can alter the delicate balance of various interactions in proteins [27–30]. The adverse drug reactions are triggered due to gathering of drug molecules

at localized sites in the body causing their elevated concentration [31] and ligand-induced protein structure conformational changes [32]. The drugs used as medical therapy are unable to act in the specified area because of these intricate mechanisms; therefore, all the varied external parameters are taken into account which combine the study of the conformational modifications in proteins along with drugs resulting complexes causing any side effect which are paramount for the study. These studies enable us to understand how ligand affinity can be planned and how the protein conformation upon complexation can be managed [26] which is decisive in a massive range of imperative biochemical phenomena. In the present work and structural and functional analyses of cystatin, a protein ubiquitously present in mammalian cells and tissues was studied which showed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity due to unfolding of cystatin in the presence of donepezil (**Figure 4**). Such kind of changes have also been documented earlier, after interaction of ligands (phytohormones, cytokinins, abscisic and gibberellic acids) with wheat germ agglutinin resulting in 60% increase in fluorescence

*between the glass slabs. A single dot was obtained toward the negative side of the IPG strip.*

level of 0.05 was selected showing that results are significant (**Figure 6**).

the area of continual scientific investigation [25, 26].

**68**

intensity of native protein [33].

**Figure 6.**

**6. Discussion**

Fakhra Amin1 and Bilqees Bano2 \*

1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

\*Address all correspondence to: bilqeesbano691@gmail.com

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
