**1. Introduction**

Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic condition worldwide. The prevalence of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is growing in each country [1]. Diabetes is also the seventh leading cause of deaths in the world. Around 1.6 million people died due to diabetes in 2016 [1]. Higher blood glucose levels also caused an additional 2.2 million deaths, by increasing the risks of cardiovascular and other complications such as kidney disease, blindness, neuropathy, and limb amputation [2–4]. Successful glycemic control can prevent and reduce these complications. However, to maintain optimal glycemic control requires ongoing monitoring and treatment, which can be costly and challenging [5]. Advances in health information technologies (HITs) have introduced approaches that support effective and affordable health-care delivery and education. Technologies in mobile, computer, e-mail, and Internet approaches have shown evidence in enhancing chronic disease management including diabetes management, via supporting provider decision-making (through electronic risk assessment, alerts, guidelines, formularies, and prescribing) and

facilitating patient self-management (through risk communication, Web portals, telemedicine, e-mailing, and secure messaging) [6–8]. In this chapter, we summarized the current findings on HITs in managing T2D, especially on glycemic control and CVD risks management. In addition, we discussed limitations in the current research in this area and implications for future research. Further, we presented challenges of applying HITs in T2D management in the real-world context and suggested steps to move forward.
