**4. Conclusion**

DM is an important risk factor along with other diabetic complications for cognitive decline, which leads to loss of independence and nonadherence to medication and results in high healthcare cost. It is still controversial how early the age of cognitive impairment is, although there is enough documented links between diabetes and cognitive function. The standard glycaemic control is better than intensive glycaemic control in the prevention of cognitive decline. The challenge for treatment is to maintain the cognitive function by reduction of hypoglycaemic events.
