*4.2.5 MCP1*

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) a chemokine that regulates migration and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, is constitutively present in normal human islet β-cells in the absence of an inflammatory infiltrate and plays a key role in monocyte recruitment [130]. NF-kappaB plays an important role for MCP-1 expression in β-cells [131]. MCP-1 also induces amylin expression through ERK1/2/JNK-AP1 and NF-κB related signaling pathways independent of CCR2. Amylin upregulation by MCP-1 may contribute to elevation of plasma amylin in obesity and insulin resistance [132].
