*4.2.6 Nrf2*

The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling plays an important role in oxidative stress response and metabolism. Nrf2 prevents reactive oxygen species ROS mediated damage in pancreatic β-cells [133]. β-cells have low expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, making them susceptible to damage caused by ROS. GLP-1 effectively inhibits oxidative stress and cell death of β-cells induced by the pro-oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tert-BOOH) [134]. NOX activation through Src signaling plays an important role in ROS overproduction and impaired GSIS caused by lipotoxicity [135].
