**9.5 Treatment of encephalopathies with CSWS, including LKS**

The aim of treatment is to stop seizures and eliminate epileptic discharges in the EEG; this will prevent and reverse cognitive decline in the idiopathic group and will prevent any further deterioration predetermined by the underlying pathology [18]. For it, early diagnosis and rapid appropriate and effective treatment are required.

Seizures in LKS are easier to control than seizures in CSWS. Many old and new AEDs are effective, depending on the seizure types. Valproate, sulthiame, benzodiazepines, ethosuximide, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), corticosteroids, and ketogenic diet could be effective. The sodium channelblocking AEDs are contraindicated [17]. In some cases, with severe linguistic impairment, subpial intracortical transections have been successful.
