**3. Results**

### **3.1 Occurrence of NCSE**

Six patients suffered from CSE; only one of them who showed later NCSE EEG features and was included in the study. Twenty patients presented NCSs; 30% of them (n = 6) responded to ASDs and did not develop NCSE on cEEG monitoring;

**49**

**Table 3.**

**Table 2.**

hemorrhage)

*Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Patients with Altered Mental Status Admitted to Hamad…*

they were also excluded from the study; the rest (70%, n=14) developed later NCSE

NCSE group: 250 patients with AMS or coma underwent cEEG monitoring. Sixty-two patients were excluded (see reasons above and patient selection). In total, 65 patient responded to the criteria of NCSE (**Table 2**). The occurrence rate of

The control group consisted of 185 patients with AMS or coma in which cEEG monitoring did not show any features of NCSE. **Table 2** shows the demographic and clinical features of NCSE and control subjects. Only age and presence of subtle motor phenomena differed between the two groups; the NCSE patients were relatively younger and displayed subtle motor phenomena more often. As for etiology and comorbid states, a history of previous seizures and presence of cortical dysplasia were significantly more common in the NCSE group (**Table 3**). Other etiologies were not informative. Head injury, stroke, and status postcardiac arrest were frequently encountered in accident and emergency patients with NCSE; CT head done in 52

**Variable NCSE (n 65) Controls (n 185) P value** Age 45.7 ± 19 52.3 ± 15.8 0.001 Gender M = 37/F = 28 M = 101/F = 84 0.75 Unresponsive/somnolent 11 (17%) 46 (25%) 0.19 Acute confusion 7 (11%) 18 (10%) 0.81 Severely decreased level of consciousness 20 (31%) 61 (33%) 0.74 Stupor/coma 27 (42%) 60 (32%) 0.23 Subtle motor phenomena 12 (18%) 8 (4%) 0.001

**Variable NCSE (n 65) Controls (n 185) P value**

Status post cardiac arrest 15 (23%) 35 (19%) 0.59 Head injury 8 (12%) 34 (18%) 0.34 Previous seizures (uncontrolled) 12 (18.4%) 4 (2%) 0.001 Cortical dysplasia 3 (4.6%) 0 0.02 Sepsis 3 (4.6%) 7 (3.8%) 1.00 Hepatic encephalopathy 1 (1.5%) 3 (1.6%) 1.00 End stage renal disease, post renal transplant 2 (3%) 11 (6%) 0.37 Intoxications 0 8 (4.3%) 0.12 Hypertensive encephalopathy 1 (1.5%) 6 (3.2%) 0.68 Personality disorder 1 (1.5%) 3 (1.6%) 1.0 Unknown 3 (4.6%) 7 (3.8%) 1.0

16 (25%) 67 (36%) 0.09

*Note: P values are calculated using Chi-square tests and student t tests wherever appropriate.*

*Note: P values are calculated using Chi-square tests or Fisher's exact test wherever appropriate.*

*Characteristics of patients with NCSE and controls.*

Stroke (hemorrhagic, ischemic, subarachnoid

*Etiology of patients with NCSE and controls.*

during cEEG monitoring. These patients were included in the study.

**3.2 Characterization of NCSE and the control group**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83580*

NCSE was 65/250 (26%).

## *Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Patients with Altered Mental Status Admitted to Hamad… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83580*

they were also excluded from the study; the rest (70%, n=14) developed later NCSE during cEEG monitoring. These patients were included in the study.

NCSE group: 250 patients with AMS or coma underwent cEEG monitoring. Sixty-two patients were excluded (see reasons above and patient selection). In total, 65 patient responded to the criteria of NCSE (**Table 2**). The occurrence rate of NCSE was 65/250 (26%).
