**4. Conclusions**

Gastrointestinal system manifestations may be a milestone of many neurological diseases, including epilepsy and benign seizures. Epilepsy and related neurological symptoms may alert the clinician to the presence of additional life-threatening conditions and complications during the course of gastrointestinal-based chronic disease such as inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease. Since the gut is the only part of inner body exposed to environment, novel therapeutic options that target gut microbiata may be promising in many diseases including epilepsy.
