OCT in Retinal Diseases

**65**

bands.

**Chapter 5**

**Abstract**

inner layers (DRIL).

the retinal inner layers

**1. Introduction**

Tomography

*and Francisco Javier Ascaso*

New Landmarks, Signs, and

*Francisco Javier Lara-Medina, Olivia Esteban,* 

*Isabel Bartolomé, C. Ispa, Javier Mateo*

Findings in Optical Coherence

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a common useful noninvasive imaging instrument which is used for the diagnosis and follow-up of macular disorders. The clinical findings by OCT in these pathologies are well known. Currently, due to the development of this technology and its wide use, new OCT findings have been reported in the literature. The aim of this chapter is to describe new pathological or abnormal signs and findings in SD-OCT, including hyperreflective spots or dots, flyer saucer sign, outer retinal tubulations, dipping sign, focal choroidal excavation, outer retina-choroid complex splitting, foveal pseudocyst, brush border pattern, dome-shaped macula, pearl necklace sign, choroidal macrovessel, cystoid foveal degeneration, and disorganization of the retinal

**Keywords:** hyperreflective spots, perifoveal cupping, flyer saucer sign, tubulations, dipping sign, outer retina-choroid complex splitting, foveal pseudocyst, brush border pattern, dome-shaped macula, pearl necklace sign, macrovessel, disorganization of

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a common useful noninvasive imaging instrument which is used for the diagnosis and follow-up of macular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), epiretinal membrane (ERM), or macular hole. The clinical findings by OCT in these pathologies are well known. SD-OCT allows detail assessment of the retinal thickness and morphologic evaluation of the retinal layers. Currently, due to the development of this technology and its extensive use, new OCT findings have been reported in the literature. The higher resolution and speed of SD-OCT have improved the accuracy and reproducibility of macular imaging and have allowed an enhanced assessment of the integrity of the outer retinal
