**Diarrhea: for diarrhea, they need to:**


*Nutrition and HIV/AIDS - Implication for Treatment, Prevention and Cure*

vitamins and minerals which should be added in the diet include:

and fruits including liver, whole eggs, and milk

tions should be seriously considered [30–32].

**2.2 Vitamins and minerals**

and green leafy vegetables

• Vitamin C, from citrus fruits

calcium supplements could be taken in the diet.

that HIV persons need to control: **Nausea and vomiting:**

• Eat smaller meals every 1–2 hours.

• Drink ginger tea or ginger ale or ginger.

• Eat more cold foods and less hot foods.

• Rest after meals, but not to lie down flat.

• Receive medications for nausea.

*2.2.1 Nutrition and HIV: coping with special problems*

To manage nausea and vomiting, they need to:

• Avoid greasy or spicy foods, or foods with strong odors.

will be used as a source of energy like other fats. Assuming HIV-positive individuals have no opportunity of eating fatty fish or seafood, taking omega-3 supplement to improve both physical and mental health as well as reduce the risk of disease infec-

Vitamins and minerals regulate body processes and so people who are HIVpositive need extra vitamins and minerals in the diet to repair and heal damaged cells. They need extra vitamins and minerals to boost the immune system. These

• Vitamin A and beta-carotene, from dark green, yellow, orange, or red vegetables

• Vitamin B, from meat, fish, chicken, grains, nuts, white beans, avocados, broccoli

• Vitamin E, from green leafy vegetables, peanuts and vegetable oils

• Selenium, from whole grains, nuts, poultry, fish, eggs and peanut butter

• Zinc, from meat, poultry, fish, beans, peanuts, and milk and other dairy products

Because of the difficulty for HIV-positive persons in getting enough of all the nutrients needed for optimal health from foods, it is recommended that a multivitamin/mineral tablet (without extra iron) but containing 100% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) should be taken. If at least three servings of high-calcium food such as green leafy vegetables or dairy foods are not eaten on daily basis,

HIV-positive persons could have a variety of reactions including side effects from ART medications which should be managed. Here are some of the problems

• Eat bland, low-fat foods, such as plain pasta, canned fruit, or plain broth.

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