Meet the editors

Pınar Erkekoglu was born in Ankara, Turkey. She graduated with a BS from Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy. Later, she received an MSci and Ph.D. in Toxicology. She completed a part of her Ph.D. studies in Grenoble, France, at Universite Joseph Fourier and CEA/INAC/LAN after receiving a full scholarship from both the Erasmus Scholarship Program and CEA. She worked as a post-doc and a visiting associate in the Biological

Engineering Department at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She is currently working as a full professor at Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology. Her main study interests are clinical and medical aspects of toxicology, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and oxidative stress. She has published more than 150 papers in national and international journals. Dr. Erkekoglu has been a European Registered Toxicologist (ERT) since 2014.

Dr. Tomohisa Ogawa obtained a Ph.D. in Chemistry from Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, in 1991. After graduating, he was a postdoctoral research fellow for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and an assistant professor at the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University. In 1997, he became an associate professor at the Faculty of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. From 2001 to 2020, he was an associate

professor at the Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University. Since then, Dr. Ogawa has been a professor at the Graduate School of Agricultural Science at the same university. He is active in the research fields of applied biochemistry (protein engineering), molecular biology (molecular evolution, venomics), and structural biochemistry. He has published a number of various reviews and original papers in renowned journals.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

Introductory Chapter: Medical Toxicology *by Pınar Erkekoğlu and Suna Sabuncuoğlu*

Have Evolved and Diversified?

*by Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan*

*by Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan*

*Jiwei Cheng, Qian Xiao, Guoyi Li and Jie Tao*

**Section 3**

*by Tomohisa Ogawa and Hiroki Shibata*

*by Narumi Aoki-Shioi and Cassandra M. Modahl*

**Preface III**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Venoms **11**

**Chapter 2 13**

**Chapter 3 25**

**Chapter 4 47**

**Chapter 5 71**

**Chapter 6 111**

Toxins **131**

**Chapter 7 133**

Venomics Study of *Protobothrops flavoviridis* Snake: How Venom Proteins

Snakebite Therapeutics Based on Endogenous Inhibitors from Vipers

The Effects of Snake Venom (*Bitis arietans*) on Embryonic Development *by Charlotte Peters, Vladimir Petrilla, Lenka Luptakova and Eva Petrovova*

Toxicosis of Snake, Scorpion, Honeybee, Spider, and Wasp Venoms: Part 1

Toxicosis of Snake, Scorpion, Honeybee, Spider, and Wasp Venoms: Part 2

Therapeutic Agents for Neurological Disorders: State of the Art and Beyond *by Xiaoli Wang, Shuzhang Zhang, Yudan Zhu, Zhiping Zhang, Mengyao Sun,* 

Scorpion Toxins from *Buthus martensii* Karsch (BmK) as Potential

## Contents



Preface

Medical toxicology focuses on the short- and long-term adverse effects of medications, including drug–drug, drug–herb, and drug–disease interactions and drug overdoses. It is involved in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of acute and chronic poisonings due to, among others, occupational, environmental, and industrial toxic

Medical toxicologists are also interested in substance abuse, venoms, toxins, and antidotes. In the field of medical toxicology, practitioners are physicians. Their primary specialization is generally in emergency medicine, occupational medicine, or pediatrics. Medical toxicologists can provide direct treatment and bedside consultation of acutely poisoned patients, including children in emergency departments,

Medical toxicologists can also provide advice in poison control centers, contribute to pharmaceutical research and drug safety, and deal with health policy issues. Therefore, medical toxicology has a wide variety of working fields. Medical

Toxicology focuses on the prevention and treatment of poisonings with venoms and toxins, treatment of envenomation, interactions in clinics, antidotes, and forensic

This volume provides the reader with a general overview of the treatment of acute/ chronic poisonings including poisonings with drugs, venoms, and toxins, and the

**Pınar Erkekoğlu**

**Tomohisa Ogawa**

Japan

Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University,

intensive care units, and other inpatient and outpatient units/clinics.

chemicals.

toxicology.

antidotes used in clinics.
