**5. Conclusions**

It is known that there is a close relationship between maternal obesity, diet consumption during pregnancy and lactation, and their impact on the microbiota of both mother and infant, including their links to early gut colonization and innate immunity in the infants that drive an increased risk for metabolic diseases.

For the most effective confrontation of metabolic diseases, which represent a great burden of global health, it is important to consider the issues involving early nutrition, metabolic programming, and epigenetics. Thus, the adoption of health policies during critical stages of development, including pregnancy, lactation, and puberty, is essential to achieve long-term consistent results.
