**3. Use of geographic information system (GIS) for vector surveillance**

GIS is a powerful automated system for the capture, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial data that offer expanding opportunities for epidemiology because it allows a spatial perspective on a disease. The integration of vector surveillance with the mosquito traps and georeferencing technologies has emerged as an important tool for fighting *Ae. aegypti* and transmission of arboviruses [31, 37, 38].

By georeferencing the ovitrap and sticky traps, the egg collection and adult catching data obtained during *Ae. aegypti* surveillance was used to generate maps that show the areas of high and low infestation [31, 39–42]. This information provides real-time data and allows spatial analyses to determine vector control actions and to evaluate their impact on mosquito populations and infection with arboviruses [31, 39, 43]. The continuous surveillance of *Aedes* population allied with mathematical modeling strategies (described below) allows reliable predictions of infestation, as shown in Brazil [12].
