**Acknowledgements**

*Malaria*

**5. Conclusions**

scenario.

analysis, and decision-making.

malaria, and leishmaniosis, among others.

**6. Future studies**

cities for accurate arboviruses transmission.

cities, should help to increase the platform cost-effectiveness. Future studies should be conducted for developing new predictive model of serotype dynamics across

In Brazil, two platforms for surveillance of eggs and gravid *Aedes aegypti* have been developed. First, the use of gravid traps associated with GIS technologies was used in Brazil in the last years to monitor *Aedes* spp. populations. The MSCP-*Aedes* platform is based on data collected upon sampling of eggs in ovitrap works. Although effective, the platform requires a large amount of human resources for field and laboratory activities that is not realistic to use in a large-scale epidemic

Second, the MI-*Aedes* and MI-Virus platforms described herein have been used in hundreds of cities and in a variety of scales besides of being a cost-effective (less than US\$ 1.00/person/year) approach to reduce mosquito population and prevent the transmission of arbovirosis such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika [13, 41]. The main advantage of the MI-*Aedes* platform over traditional mosquito surveillance is the integration of continuous vector monitoring at fine spatial and temporal scales coupled to an information technology platform for near real-time data collection,

The surveillance data generated with the MI-*Aedes* platform is used to calculate weekly vector indices and detect hotspots to help health authorities to strategically manage vector control resources. The platform is suitable to be implemented at worldwide scale because it does not require extensive infrastructure or expertise. For example, one field surveillance agent can visit 70–100 traps per week, conduct mosquito identification, and feed the database using a cell phone. More importantly, the MI-*Aedes* platform is the only large-scale mosquito surveillance system with a good track record on the prevention of cases of dengue [41]. Used to their optimum level, as tools for analysis and decision-making, the MI-*Aedes* and MI-Virus platforms are information management vehicles with high public health potential. Indeed, it is worth mentioning that this platform not only provides a wide range of GIS tools for *Ae. aegypti* surveillance, but the data collection and processing modules can be adapted to monitor other diseases, such as AIDS, tuberculosis,

Studies with MI-*Aedes* platform should be continuously conducted to improve the accuracy and threshold of arbovirus outbreaks. The sensitivity of trap device of the MI-Aedes platform will be enhanced by replacing the MosquiTRAP by the GAT as it has been shown to be more effective [11]. Currently, studies using MI-*Aedes* and MI-Virus technologies for monitoring vector and virus circulation (DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV) together with new mathematical models are very important tools to address targeted areas for vector control address. Future studies using MI-Aedes platform in association with integrated mosquito control alternatives, such as *Wolbachia* and transgenic mosquitoes, should be also conducted. Those combinations of interventions will be best applied in sustained, proactive implementation and will likely be suitable for rapid control of a developing epidemic. In addition to such proactive strategies, arbovirus prevention will benefit from greater capacity for outbreak response, before outbreaks have peaked and begun to decline on their own.

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AEE acknowledges the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq, FINEP, FAPEMIG, CAPES, SVS-MS, and SCTIE-MS. KSP thanks the fellowships from CAPES and CNPq and USAID. The authors thank Ecovec for providing additional information of MI-Aedes platform and Pedro Lassis for the creation of figures of the technologies.
