**3.1 The DiaTel study**

The DiaTel study compared the short-term efficacy of home telemonitoring coupled with active medication management by a nurse practitioner with a monthly care coordination telephone call on glycemic control in veterans with type 2 diabetes [32]. The included patients were taking oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin for ≥1 year and had HbA1c ≥ 7.5%). Approximately one-third of the participants in both groups were aged 65 years. At enrollment, the patients were randomly assigned to either active care management (AMC) with home telemonitoring (HT) (ACM + HT group, n = 73) or a monthly care coordination telephone call (CC group, n = 77) [32]. Both groups received monthly calls for DM education and self-management review. ACM + HT group participants transmitted BG, blood pressure (BP), and weight to a nurse practitioner; the nurse practitioner adjusted medications for glucose, BP, and lipid control based on established ADA targets. Baseline characteristics of the patients in the DiaTel study were similar in both groups, with mean HbA1c of 9.4% in the CC group vs. 9.6% in ACM + HT group [32, 33]. Compared with the CC group, the ACM + HT group demonstrated significantly larger decreases in HbA1c (principal criterion) at 3 months (1.7 vs. 0.7%) and 6 months (1.7 vs. 0.8%; *p* < 0.001 for each), with most improvement occurring by 3 months (**Figure 2**).
