**1.2 Types of villages in the Czech Republic**

This study deals with public space in small municipalities, i.e. in municipalities of the village category. The village is the basic settlement unit in the rural area, which as the administrative unit is called rural village. The village is then usually defined by a maximum number of inhabitants, between 2000 and 5000 inhabitants [6]. It is usually a specific social community with traditional own material and spiritual culture and functions. The actual form of today's village is influenced by long-term development, both in functional and geographical and spatial terms [7].

From a spatial point of view, several different types of rural settlements can be distinguished. The most common classification is based on works [2, 8–12].

The publication of Ref. [11] defines the basic seven types of municipalities, including:


The second possible classification according to Černý [8] involves a total of nine categories of villages, namely:


The third classification according to Frolec and Vařeka [9] defines only six separate types of village, including:


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*The Role of Public Spaces in Small Municipality DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89881*

from the Great Colonization era;

village. Particularly speaking about:

ground plan arrangement;

element or a round square;

municipalities were obtained.

2019 were freely accessible.

**3.1 Village road**

century;

plan.

• A woodland village typical of the terraced order of the individual colonies

• Forest village, a circular settlement in later populated parts of the country;

The last classification according to Pešta [12] includes a total of seven types of

• Villages, which are regularly based on norms based on the given ground plan;

• Bulk burial villages, which, unlike the previous type, do not have a regular

• Growing road villages, which usually arose spontaneously along the road;

• Linear communication villages that originated linearly according to any remote

• Rope village, created as a grouping of settlements with a sprout along a linear

• Row or row villages located in one or two rows around roads in the eighteenth

• A chain village based on the Moravian-Slovak border with an irregular ground

For the purpose of this study, municipalities representing individual characteristic groups of rural settlements within the Czech Republic were selected, with greater regard to the area of interest of the South Bohemian Region, or Šumava and its foothills. For such a set of municipalities, basic characteristics were always found and both current and historical materials depicting maps and real public spaces in

For the purposes of the map comparison, the online database of the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre, specifically the stable cadastre map from the beginning of the nineteenth century and the current orthophoto map from 2017 to

**3. Village with concentrated ground plan and fragmented land around**

These municipalities are always characterized by an elongated shape around a significant communication line. The houses turn into the gutter road, i.e., longer side and form a continuous row of buildings without gaps. This type of rural settlement does not occur within the area of interest, most often it can be found in the territory of South Moravia. The public space in these municipalities has been

• Village with a closed trailer area of different shapes and uses.

element such as communication or watercourse;

**2. Description of individual types of villages**

• A row village, arranged linearly along roads, watercourses and areas;

*Sustainability in Urban Planning and Design*

buildings along the road;

stream or path;

categories of villages, namely:

to a well-defined plan;

around;

road;

the local extension of the road;

• Line villages characterized by their elongated linear arrangement;

• Road villages characterized by tight arrangement of individual dwellings and

• A street, i.e. a road village intersected by a road of local character, which can subsequently grow into a street or wide street, when the area is secondary to

• A rope village, where objects are typically arranged irregularly mostly along a

• Square type of villages characterized by the arrangement of objects around a

The second possible classification according to Černý [8] involves a total of nine

• Natural type of village, bound to local geographical conditions without regular

• Norm villages, i.e. villages mostly established in the late Middle Ages according

• Forest field villages founded during the late Great Colonization with the

• Short forest field villages characterized by one or two rows of houses with a

• Forest square villages typically arranged in a circular shape with radial land

• Road village characterized by two rows of houses along the perimeter of the

• Roadside labels typical of the local extension of the road in the middle of the

• Street villages typically accessible only from one side, with houses perpendicu-

• Square villages, i.e. a typical settlement with a generously designed village area

The third classification according to Frolec and Vařeka [9] defines only six

• Terraced village, mostly double-row in flat terrain with a burrowing land;

• A row village, arranged linearly along roads, watercourses and areas;

• A mass village typical of late-colonized mountain forested areas;

differently shaped square (square, triangular, round or irregular).

structure, which is mostly a mountain type of mass villages;

arrangement of houses in rows in wooded terrain;

village, where the extension forms a small square;

with the location of a church, chapel, pond or school.

lar to the entire road and at its dead end;

separate types of village, including:

maximum village length of up to 500 m;

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The last classification according to Pešta [12] includes a total of seven types of village. Particularly speaking about:

