Contents



**III**

**Chapter 19 349**

**Chapter 20 365**

**Chapter 21 387**

**Chapter 22 419**

**Chapter 23 445**

Jamaican Universities Aiding the Design of an Urban Public Space *by Carol Archer, Colette Cunningham-Myrie, Nadine Freeman-Prince,* 

Approaching Urban Design through the Analysis of Structural Differences within Three Neighborhood Typologies in Basra City

Urban Social Sustainability - Case Study; Gellerupparken–Denmark

*Marvin Reid, Brian Williams and Tamika Royal Thomas*

Lessons from Baghdad City Conformation and Essence

Urban Design, Space Economy and Survival in the City: Exploring Women's World of Work in Kumasi, Ghana *by Ebenezer Owusu-Sekyere and Samuel Twumasi Amoah*

*by Qaaid Al-Saraify and David Grierson*

*by Amjad Almusaed and Asaad Almssad*

*by Haider J.E. Al-Saaidy*


Preface

The current population growth is putting pressure on urban areas, resources, housing prices, and public services. Also, the increase in traffic volume results in poorer air quality and congestion-related problems. At the same time, there is also an increasing tendency to the social division between population groups in big cities. The development of sustainable cities is one of the biggest global challenges right now. Cities face a wide range of social, environmental, and economic challenges that need to be considered. Population influx raises new demands of physical infrastructures and management. Thus, there is a need to think across disciplines and sectors. All over the world, cities face major challenges that call for solid urban planning. There must be sustainable urban planning and design that captures the city as a whole and that delivers concrete, high-quality solutions. The requirement is to design cities that people like to look at and move to, cities that work, cities where you can easily get from place to place, and cities that are environmentally balanced and that are healthy and safe to live in. Our cities must have space for everyone and involve as many people as possible.

Sustainable Urban Planning and Design is a form of study that takes into consideration the active interaction between the built environment domain and social, economic, and influential forces. Urban planning in a sustainable framework represents a technical and political process that seeks to organize and design land use and built environments, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing to and from

urban areas such as transport, communications, and distribution networks.

Usually, urban planning has followed a top-down approach to master planning for the physical location of settlements. The main concern was public welfare, which included considerations for efficiency, sanitation, environmental protection, and use, and the impact of master plans on social and economic performance. The environment has a strong interaction with human health. The health status of the population depends not only on the quality of the established care system but also on the living conditions, where an obvious reduction in harmful environmental exposures can improve population health and may contribute to health disparities. Urban planning and urban design are related but different in fundamental ways. Urban planning is the act of planning the structures of a city, including its policies, infrastructure, neighborhoods, building codes, and regulations. On the other hand, urban design is the creation of city features based on plans. Historically, city function and urban planning as an activity have been defined by architects and engineers in various shadows, but today there are also geographers, sociologists, and the like. Urban design originated from the multidisciplinary composition of urban planning, and it aims to provide a more holistic, practical approach to the solution for questions about urban planning and design that the classical disciplines could not individually provide. Frequently, there are situations when these strategies do not work, and some groups remain marginalized and socially excluded without fully benefiting from the advantages and resources offered by living in the urban environment. In turn, contemporary urban living presents several challenges for local administrations. Sometimes, the generally accepted social order is challenged within urban social movements, which propose their solutions to various unsolved urban problems and a new approach to the concept of social order. Different groups and places in the world have been studied by social researchers since the nineteenth century. In those studies, various methods, techniques, concepts, explanations,
