**7. Conclusions**

the paths, the access hierarchy, as well as the visual and physical factors that induce

*Distinction between connectivity and permeability: from light gray to dark, streets become less but connectivity*

The checklist is the result of this study, as the first step in this area can be a basis for urban designers to look at urban blocks from a novel viewpoint and provide a suitable basis for the effectiveness of this element in urban design studies. Although this study is the initiator of this endeavor, in future studies it will be possible to

The results show the breadth of the concept of block, hence the complexity of understanding and application of this element in the design of urban spaces, and can develop a comprehensive look at design. Finally, the mediating role of this

Spatial balance, continuity and integration, and longevity and durability are macro-concepts of the list that are conceptually and functionally related to other factors and are divided into three categories of concepts, criteria, and indicators. Spatial balance is the relationship between mass and space; therefore, it can include as its subcategories "configuration and arrangement" and density, which are defined in terms of the arrangements of masses in space and the manner in which the space is occupied by masses, respectively. Subsequently, each of these factors subdivides to other factors at a smaller level. If continuity and integration are defined as the existence of the rhythm and order in the form of blocks (at the levels of superblocks, neighborhoods), and the connection in the access network, then it can include the spatial hierarchy (semiprivate, semipublic, and public) and the privacy and homogeneity among the blocks that can be used to create and inter-

We have defined durability as capability to last over time, which can be achieved via qualities such as memorability, adaptability (of land uses and climate), diversity, permeability, and connectivity, because memorability transforms the block into collective memory and adaptability helps accepting new or varied land uses for the blocks in their lifetime or adapting to changes made over time, and thus, both

a sense of movement (**Figure 8**).

*Sustainability in Urban Planning and Design*

*remains identical. (source: [29]).*

develop and complete other factors related to the blocks.

element can balance other elements of the city.

**6. Discussion**

**Figure 8.**

connect such factors.

**198**

Designing contemporary urban spaces requires form patterns that can be adapted to different aspects and at the same time address social interactions and encounters. This study was carried based on the concern about the status of blocks in the context of urban design and looked for a way to place the block as a focal point in urban design studies. Different concepts derived from different theories and approaches were clustered, and the interconnections among them were reviewed and defined and ultimately formulated in the form of an evaluation checklist. The checklist includes various form relationships that have a bearing on the social aspects of urban space. It has the potential to be used in the future as a framework for analyzing existing urban blocks and finding their problems in future studies, as well as for structuring new designs, taking into account context characteristics.
