**3. The LCA of urban green space maintenance**

## **3.1 Goal and scope definition**

The purpose of urban green space maintenance is to ensure the realization of landscape services. Therefore, the continuous supply of usability of green

**Figure 4.** *The LCA system boundary of urban green space maintenance.*

#### *Sustainable Design in Urban Green Space DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90026*

by LCA. The energy consumption of tube feeding was 19.1, 8.7, and 5.9 GJ/ha/y<sup>1</sup>

respectively, while the greenhouse gas emissions were 9.4, 7.0, and 6.3 t/ha/y<sup>1</sup>

impact [37].

construction [39].

**Figure 4.**

**226**

*The LCA system boundary of urban green space maintenance.*

**3.1 Goal and scope definition**

*Sustainability in Urban Planning and Design*

**3. The LCA of urban green space maintenance**

respectively. It was concluded that organic animal husbandry was more environmentally friendly and intensive animal husbandry had a stronger environmental

At present, there are few studies on the environmental impact of urban green space using LCA. In 2015, Dr. Ji Yuan-yuan summarized the carbon emission inventory of landscape sites in the production, construction, maintenance, and abandonment stage. She believed that the main consumption material in maintenance stage includes fossil energy, irrigation water, fertilizer, and pesticides [38]. Strohbach and Haase believe that the total carbon emissions per hectare of urban green space in Leipzig (Germany) are about 2.6–4.7 t/CO2 in 50 years after its

The purpose of urban green space maintenance is to ensure the realization of

landscape services. Therefore, the continuous supply of usability of green

,

,

landscapes that meet the design requirements can be regarded as the "product" of maintenance work. Therefore, the environmental impact of the maintenance tasks can be defined as the goal of the green space maintenance LCA.

The maintenance of green space has long-term and repetitive characteristics. After the completion of the green space, the management work is continuously carried out. Although the content of the maintenance work will change with the growth of plants, the change is not obvious reflected in the annual period. Jiang Shipping divides the green space into three stages: initial age (≤3 years), middle age (4–10 years), and mature age (>10 years). It is considered that the annual management content of each stage is repeated [40]. Therefore, in the urban green space LCA evaluation, the life cycle of each stage green space can be carried out annually.
