**1. Introduction**

Passenger transportation, accessibility, land use, and activities interact with each other. On the one hand, passenger transportation provides the adequate circumstances of every movement. On the other hand, its effect on the environment is negative (e.g., traffic accidents, energy consumptions, pollution, land use).

Mobility is the complexity of transportation processes derived from the spatial characteristics of human needs and activities. It includes the flow of persons, goods, and information, as well as information processes related to them. In cities, the demands are concentrated resulting in a high volume of traffic.

Sustainable mobility means a long-term and balanced relationship among environment, economy, society, and transportation system. Accordingly, substantial alteration is required by introducing such innovative solutions that provide the adaptivity of the system. During the development, the aim is to apply such solutions that manage the resources efficiently while satisfying travelers' preferences [1].

In this chapter, we summarize the knowledge related to the reshaping of urban passenger mobility based on literature review and our previous studies. The topic is discussed by a transportation engineering point of view. We focus both on management- and traveler-related issues, highlighting social effects instead of technical details.

The chapter proceeds as follows: Section 2 provides a thorough overview and comparison of current traditional and novel urban transportation modes and mobility services. In Section 3, the alteration in mobility services is discussed with a special focus on automation and autonomous vehicles (AVs). Section 4 describes the planning principles of novel mobility services highlighting user expectations. In Section 5, Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) concept is detailed with special regard

to quality. Section 6 presents the major impacts of novel mobility services on the urban environment. In the last section, the research is concluded, emphasizing the key findings, and the future research directions are given.
