*Recent Application of Bio-Alcohol: Bio-Jet Fuel DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89719*

or biological conversion to bio-jet fuel via direct sugar to hydrocarbons (DSHC) and catalytic upgrading. ATJ process involves production of bio-jet fuel via hydrolysis of wooden fiber biomass or glucose into intermediate alcohols (methanol, ethanol, butanol, and fatty acid alcohols) and their dehydration and oligomerization. It is divided into ethanol-to-jet or butanol-to-jet technologies, depending on alcohol involved. GTJ process involves biogas, natural gas, or syngas from wood fiber biomass to bio-jet fuel via bio-chemical or thermos-chemical routes such as gas fermentation and Fischer-Tropsch processes. **Table 2** shows the production technologies for bio-jet fuel.

**Figure 4** shows the production process-wise raw material and technology overview for bio-jet fuel. Among many classification methods, bio-jet fuel is divided via production pathways: fermentation, deoxidation, or thermal decomposition. As of 2016, ASTM 7566 dictates five production processes (Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK), HEFA, Synthesized Iso-Paraffins (SIP), ATJ) as means to produce commercially viable bio-jet fuels. It simultaneously regulates product quality criteria as per 100% assay as well as mixing proportion in existing


#### **Table 2.**

*Production technologies for bio-jet fuel [5].*

*Production process-wise raw material and technology overview for bio-jet fuel [6].*


#### **Table 3.**

*Production process-wise classification of bio-jet fuel production process [7].*

petroleum-based aviation fuel. Many other production processes are also used to produce bio-jet fuel, and the following technologies are under review by ASTM for approval. **Table 3** shows production process-wise classification of bio-jet fuel production process.
