*Alcohol Fuels - Current Technologies and Future Prospect*

About 100 billion liters (5 million TOE) of bio-ethanol is produced worldwide in 2014. The USA consumes 14.4 billion gallons of bio-ethanol per annum, the most significant quantity in the world. This is also manifested in **Figure 1** where most of the bio-ethanol production is consumed in North and South America with comparatively similar amount consumed in Europe and China. As for bio-ethanol production, the USA and South America, especially Brazil, are well known for bio-ethanol production. Brazil was ranked first as a bio-ethanol exporter before 2010, but the USA surpassed Brazil as a prime exporter of bio-ethanol thereafter (**Figure 2**). This is attributed to significant growth in number of bio-ethanol producers such as

#### **Figure 1.**

*Global ethanol consumption for transportation fuel in 2016 [1].*
