**2. Users of illegal substances in prisons**

There are many individuals in prisons who used illegal addictive substances – drugs – before they were imprisoned [4]. Up to 75% of them admitted to committing crime in order to get drugs or money to buy them. Statistical Yearbook 2010 of the Czech Republic Prison Service states that the total number of drug addicts registered by the medical service was 10,763. If this number means the lifelong prevalence of drug use, we could say that it is almost 50% in prison population. However, we cannot say that almost every other prison inmate is a drug addict. In 2010, there was a representative study conducted in prison population with the involvement of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic and National Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Data was collected in all prisons from a sample of inmates, which amounted to 2,000 people. Based on the results of existing studies, experience from abroad and qualified estimates, we can suppose that the drug use in prison population is significantly higher than in general population. Many times the prison inmates learn to use drugs when they are imprisoned. Prison staff tries to prevent the inmates from using drugs, but despite that the drug abuse in prison is still increasing. Before 1989, various pharmaceutical drugs were also abused in Czech prisons. Some penologists, doctors, psychologists but also prison psychiatrists use the term pharmacophobia, which means literally "using and fighting against" pharmaceutical drugs. For example, medications like Dinyl, Algena, Solutan, Spasmoveralgin or Sedolor or Phenobarbital were popular in prison history especially in 1970s. Then in 1990s, so-called benzodiazepines got ahead; namely Rohypnol, Diazepam, Alnagon, Nitrazepam or Oxazepam and many other medications were popular. If a prison doctor gives the prison inmates too many medications simultaneously - this phenomenon is called polypharmacy – it can easily lead to pharmaceutical drug abuse. However, drug addicts in prison currently try to get hard drugs into prison or possibly even make them there. Less appropriate terms are sometimes used for drug addiction like narcomania or toxicomania; a more modern term is use, which means drug use in acceptable quantity, and abuse or misuse or overuse of drugs associated with addiction. Drug addicts in prison are medically registered and the prison staff should safeguard their abstinence regimen. Medications that are given to prison inmates must be prescribed only by doctors, and only supervising officers or healthcare staff may dispense them. The basic condition for effective treatment of prison inmates is a quality preparation of this activity. First, it is necessary to map the inmate's initial condition at the beginning of imprisonment. This is done with the team cooperation of a doctor or other specialists, a psychologist, special education teacher, social worker or a priest [5].
