**1.3 Sport for the subjective dimensions of quality of life**

The importance of subjectivity in the definition of what quality of life is emerges as a key aspect [45]. The personal and subjective dimension of quality of life could be the basis for a more understanding of person's evaluation of quality of life. For the person it is related to the extent of which the life aims are reached.

For us, each person is individuality and each is different in what he/she considers important and what he/she considers to be an influence on its subjective quality of life. In our opinion the subjective quality of life is the individual's perception followed by the assessment of things, situations, relations, and all the positive, neutral, and negative matters that affect a person's life. Subjective well-being is an appreciation of these matters in a positive way when expectations are fulfilled or achievements are better than expectations. The measurable domains of subjective quality of life are directly proportional to life satisfaction, and when the level of satisfaction is in a positive manner, then it is presented in the happiness of a person. Bear in the mind is needed when thinking about the weight of the importance of life domains in accordance with the person's own values and standards. The personal perception of life values differs a lot among people. Some positive subjective experiences of well-being could be assessed as neutral or even negative for another one person. It depends mainly on personality dispositions, recognition of the inner state of emotions, self-perception of emotions, and then their display in the external world. The aspects of the model of emotion continuance are perception, regulation, and expression of emotions. The emotions play a crucial role in the life of all of us. It is how people feel and how they can function in the family and society; in terms of emotions, a man evaluates his/her life and transforms them into living through subjective well-being.

The subjective meaning of good living is a person's own experience of his/her positive feelings, and [46] spoke about perceptual aspects of quality of life. The report of [47] presents the subjective well-being as a broad category of phenomena that includes people's emotional responses, domain satisfactions, global judgment of life satisfaction, and the personality considered as one of the strongest and most consistent predictors of subjective well-being.

Given the concern for improving subjective dimension of quality of life, many researchers turn the attention to the benefits of physical activity. The research of quality of life with the physical activity are evident in many investigations [48, 49, 32, 36, 37, 50–53]. Sports are the happiest experience of active leisure category reported in the research of [54], where 828 students were participating. Relative declines in physical activity were found to be associated with low life satisfaction among 4025 persons in the study of [40].

Our opinion is that satisfaction in individual areas of life is also closely related to overall person's satisfaction. The quality of life is the result of the interaction of social, health, economic, and environmental conditions relating to personal and social development. Although quality of life (life satisfaction) may be satisfactory in one area, it may be insufficient in other areas. The components of quality of life change over time. The quality of life is also influenced by subjective well-being, which is strongly dependent on the actual emotional state and can fluctuate rapidly.

Sport has positive effects on psychological and physical characteristics of a man. Sport, exercise, and physical activity are central to health and serve as the prevention to illness. Over the past 40–50 years, the young people have become increasingly less physically active, and this behavior can cause some irreversible outcomes. The evidences brought with the Institute of Medicine [55] show that regular physical activity promotes growth and development and has multiple benefits for physical, mental, and psychosocial health. Motion is a valuable activity for all people not only for young people. Everyone has the opportunity to take chances and face the challenges to move and perform some kinds of exercising and sporting activities. Exercising and making and playing sports will guarantee the lifelong benefits, which will be given to their lives and will be converted to higher quality of life and life satisfaction.

#### *1.3.1 The dimension: quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction*

Enjoyment is defined as an optimal psychological state that leads to performing an activity for its own sake and is associated with a positive feeling state [56]. Participation in sporting activity depends also from the feelings of enjoyment. A man lives for emotions and, we can say, for positive emotions, which a man searches more. A man exists to be happy, and the purpose of life, for somebody, is to find this happiness with the means of life enjoyment and satisfaction.

By presenting happiness a man considers various factors of his/her life situations and conditions and the feelings from these situations and conditions in comparison and accordance with prior expectations. Happiness according to the consideration of [57] is defined as the moment-to-moment people's feelings and does not always tell how people evaluate their lives or how they function in the world. However, they admit the positive feelings like happiness can lead to better overall well-being. Finding the opportunities to be happy is also one kind of way of increasing people's potential in finding well-being. The author [58] explains the term life enjoyment as a mental happiness from life and the success in it. We support the concept of [54] that enjoyment is pleasure, affect, attitude, intrinsic motivation, and flow. The author [59] considers the quality of life satisfaction as an evaluation of the life with individuals. The parts of life satisfaction are the satisfaction in these areas, for example, family, peers, friends, and mental and physical health.

People who are happy also tend to be satisfied with their lives [26]. If a person experiences his/her life as good and desirable [60], it is assumed to be so. In this approach, factors such as feelings of joy, pleasure, and life satisfaction are paramount. Such measures, while subjective, are a useful complement to objective data to compare the quality of life.

The quality of life satisfaction can be defined by the assessment of the life by individuals or by a one-sided, extensive human satisfaction ratio. Life satisfaction is related to the parts of the life. Parts of the life satisfaction compound the global life satisfaction. Everyone has their own criteria, and they create the quality of life enjoyment for themselves, but everyone looks at the standards of others, which can also affect oneself. For adolescents the quality of life is joined with solving and mastering the problems that life brings.

#### *1.3.1.1 Physical activity and physical health*

Physical activity and physical health are hand in hand to better one's life. Health is one of the most important factors affecting an individual's quality of life. In good health, one feels comfortable and well, and at the same time, nothing restrains him/ her from doing what he/she wants and what is important for him/her. But health cannot be understood only from a physical point of view but also from a mental and social point of view. For a healthy life, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 30 min of moderate physical activity each day [61]. When people highlight the good physical and mental health, they are more likely to highlight also their overall well-being. Improvement in health has an immediate influence on an individual's quality of life. Young people are mostly satisfied with their health.

**117**

*Sport for the Subjective Dimensions of Quality of Life DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88209*

Disease Control, Health Care, and Aging Branch [63].

very important factor in a person's health.

*1.3.1.2 Leisure time activities*

Regular physical activity boosts the health. In the article of [62], the literature review of the benefits of physical activity is evaluated. In the summary of studies, there is compelling evidence that regular physical activity and a high fitness level are associated with reduced risk of premature death from any cause and from cardiovascular disease among asymptomatic men and women. The people who have the highest level of physical activity and fitness are at lowest risk of premature death. The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was developed by the Center for

The importance of physical activity is for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. Exercise interventions for patients with diabetes are beneficial in improving glucose homeostasis. Physical activity can be helping in the fight with the cancer and osteoporosis. Physical activity need not to be vigorously intense. Every increase in activity adds some benefit to physical health. People of both genders and of all ages benefited from regular physical activity. Most people do not engage in regular sporting activities and exercising despite the indisputable effect of these activities on physical and psychological health. Exercising and making and playing sports for

To make exercising and sporting activities as a habit, it is needed to build the knowledge and the practices of exercising and sporting activities in the school environment, because these activities can bring positive attitude to school-aged population. This habit can last for an entire life, and exercising and sporting activities will be the activities on a daily basis, because physical activity is recognized as a

In order to devote our time to own physical activities, exercise, and sport, it is necessary to have time for these, unless in the case that someone has sport, exercising, and physical activities as a regular job. Time that is devoted to the activities based solely on somebody's own interest decision (I want to do it now) is the leisure time. The leisure time is the time when a person does not perform activities under the pressure of obligations. It is the time that is understood to be the time range that remains for relatively free use after the fulfillment of obligations. The concept of leisure time is to be understood also as a space for self-improvement of the individual and its possibility to fulfill own interests and needs, which can reflect the individual's value system. Sometimes it is defined as a time that remains after school duties and work and nonwork duties; household duties, which must be fulfilled as a member of the family; and satisfaction of the basic biological needs (sleeping, eating). The leisure time should be fulfilled with the leisure time activities, which bring to a person pleasant experience and satisfaction. We can see the leisure time as a time space, with which we can freely dispose of and for an individual it could mean the freedom of decision. It is also a time in which one can freely realize whatever he/she wants, independently of any duty and without subconscious pressure of doing some work and duties. Having the free choices for engagement in leisure time activities, the happiness comes and rises. The research on this matter presented [64] and confirmed that perceived freedom of choice has a major impact on happiness. Leisure time is a very valuable asset of the nation, and therefore it is important to pay attention to it and create conditions for its active and meaningful fulfillment. To know how to spend the leisure time matters to the families, the school management and the teachers, the social service sector, and the policy makers. Nowadays, it is important that one develops harmoniously, both physically and mentally. Parents, teachers, coaches, and other educators play an important role in this. They all are responsible for leading young people how to spend the leisure time and give the

every stage of life are the important strategies for preventing diseases.

#### *Sport for the Subjective Dimensions of Quality of Life DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88209*

*Quality of Life - Biopsychosocial Perspectives*

promotes growth and development and has multiple benefits for physical, mental, and psychosocial health. Motion is a valuable activity for all people not only for young people. Everyone has the opportunity to take chances and face the challenges to move and perform some kinds of exercising and sporting activities. Exercising and making and playing sports will guarantee the lifelong benefits, which will be given to

Enjoyment is defined as an optimal psychological state that leads to performing an activity for its own sake and is associated with a positive feeling state [56]. Participation in sporting activity depends also from the feelings of enjoyment. A man lives for emotions and, we can say, for positive emotions, which a man searches more. A man exists to be happy, and the purpose of life, for somebody, is to find this

By presenting happiness a man considers various factors of his/her life situations and conditions and the feelings from these situations and conditions in comparison and accordance with prior expectations. Happiness according to the consideration of [57] is defined as the moment-to-moment people's feelings and does not always tell how people evaluate their lives or how they function in the world. However, they admit the positive feelings like happiness can lead to better overall well-being. Finding the opportunities to be happy is also one kind of way of increasing people's potential in finding well-being. The author [58] explains the term life enjoyment as a mental happiness from life and the success in it. We support the concept of [54] that enjoyment is pleasure, affect, attitude, intrinsic motivation, and flow. The author [59] considers the quality of life satisfaction as an evaluation of the life with individuals. The parts of life satisfaction are the satisfaction in these areas, for

People who are happy also tend to be satisfied with their lives [26]. If a person experiences his/her life as good and desirable [60], it is assumed to be so. In this approach, factors such as feelings of joy, pleasure, and life satisfaction are paramount. Such measures, while subjective, are a useful complement to objective data

The quality of life satisfaction can be defined by the assessment of the life by individuals or by a one-sided, extensive human satisfaction ratio. Life satisfaction is related to the parts of the life. Parts of the life satisfaction compound the global life satisfaction. Everyone has their own criteria, and they create the quality of life enjoyment for themselves, but everyone looks at the standards of others, which can also affect oneself. For adolescents the quality of life is joined with solving and

Physical activity and physical health are hand in hand to better one's life. Health is one of the most important factors affecting an individual's quality of life. In good health, one feels comfortable and well, and at the same time, nothing restrains him/ her from doing what he/she wants and what is important for him/her. But health cannot be understood only from a physical point of view but also from a mental and social point of view. For a healthy life, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 30 min of moderate physical activity each day [61]. When people highlight the good physical and mental health, they are more likely to highlight also their overall well-being. Improvement in health has an immediate influence on an individual's quality of life. Young people are mostly satisfied with their health.

their lives and will be converted to higher quality of life and life satisfaction.

*1.3.1 The dimension: quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction*

happiness with the means of life enjoyment and satisfaction.

example, family, peers, friends, and mental and physical health.

to compare the quality of life.

mastering the problems that life brings.

*1.3.1.1 Physical activity and physical health*

**116**

Regular physical activity boosts the health. In the article of [62], the literature review of the benefits of physical activity is evaluated. In the summary of studies, there is compelling evidence that regular physical activity and a high fitness level are associated with reduced risk of premature death from any cause and from cardiovascular disease among asymptomatic men and women. The people who have the highest level of physical activity and fitness are at lowest risk of premature death. The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was developed by the Center for Disease Control, Health Care, and Aging Branch [63].

The importance of physical activity is for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. Exercise interventions for patients with diabetes are beneficial in improving glucose homeostasis. Physical activity can be helping in the fight with the cancer and osteoporosis. Physical activity need not to be vigorously intense. Every increase in activity adds some benefit to physical health. People of both genders and of all ages benefited from regular physical activity. Most people do not engage in regular sporting activities and exercising despite the indisputable effect of these activities on physical and psychological health. Exercising and making and playing sports for every stage of life are the important strategies for preventing diseases.

To make exercising and sporting activities as a habit, it is needed to build the knowledge and the practices of exercising and sporting activities in the school environment, because these activities can bring positive attitude to school-aged population. This habit can last for an entire life, and exercising and sporting activities will be the activities on a daily basis, because physical activity is recognized as a very important factor in a person's health.

#### *1.3.1.2 Leisure time activities*

In order to devote our time to own physical activities, exercise, and sport, it is necessary to have time for these, unless in the case that someone has sport, exercising, and physical activities as a regular job. Time that is devoted to the activities based solely on somebody's own interest decision (I want to do it now) is the leisure time. The leisure time is the time when a person does not perform activities under the pressure of obligations. It is the time that is understood to be the time range that remains for relatively free use after the fulfillment of obligations. The concept of leisure time is to be understood also as a space for self-improvement of the individual and its possibility to fulfill own interests and needs, which can reflect the individual's value system. Sometimes it is defined as a time that remains after school duties and work and nonwork duties; household duties, which must be fulfilled as a member of the family; and satisfaction of the basic biological needs (sleeping, eating). The leisure time should be fulfilled with the leisure time activities, which bring to a person pleasant experience and satisfaction. We can see the leisure time as a time space, with which we can freely dispose of and for an individual it could mean the freedom of decision. It is also a time in which one can freely realize whatever he/she wants, independently of any duty and without subconscious pressure of doing some work and duties. Having the free choices for engagement in leisure time activities, the happiness comes and rises. The research on this matter presented [64] and confirmed that perceived freedom of choice has a major impact on happiness.

Leisure time is a very valuable asset of the nation, and therefore it is important to pay attention to it and create conditions for its active and meaningful fulfillment. To know how to spend the leisure time matters to the families, the school management and the teachers, the social service sector, and the policy makers. Nowadays, it is important that one develops harmoniously, both physically and mentally. Parents, teachers, coaches, and other educators play an important role in this. They all are responsible for leading young people how to spend the leisure time and give the

examples. They can provide the time to experience the opportunities and possibilities of spending leisure time with positive activities, which enrich the person. Many times, a child is raised in a family where sport and movement are strongly supported. This is also the reason why the child is more willing to devote the time to exercising and sporting activities.

Leisure time activities are different, as evidenced by the list of more than 250 different forms of leisure time activities published by the World Leisure and Recreation Association (WLRA). A very good idea is when a man decides that his/her leisure time activities will be fulfilled with the sporting activities and exercising, but the most often excuse of not doing these activities is that a man has not enough time.

#### *1.3.1.3 School environment and school duties*

Attending the school is compulsory for all children who reached 6 years of age and lasts for 10 long years. Children in this age period spend more time in the school environment than in any other places and must fulfill some school requirements, beginning with the homework and then learning knowledge and preparing all for the next day school duties. In the school and after the school time, there are duties that pupils must manage. Someone is excited when going to school, but not all. School activities are rates below average scores in happiness, while social, active, and passive leisure activities are rated above average of personal happiness [54]. The school helps the students improve academically, socially, and individually. Students are happy in school [65] when they are as a team member to the classroom and school activities, when they are appreciated, and when they succeed and had good social relations. They are unhappy when there are exams in school, homework and home projects, syllabi, teachers, pressure, violence, and punishment [ibid]. School is a place, where school climate, with all the staff and pupils, has a considerable mutual influence on the physical and psychological well-being and the quality of life of children, adolescents, and teachers too.

#### *1.3.1.4 Emotions and feelings*

Emotions and feelings influence the behavior. Emotions and feelings should be oriented in a useful manner of behavior. Emotions are important aspects of sporting activities. The emotions occur before, during, or after sporting activities. When these emotions are positive, a man can be keener to realize the activities. Rather than the intensity, the frequency of positive feelings is more important for happiness. It can be said that what a man likes can be made with greater engagement, enjoyment, and satisfaction. If we assume that experience of joy and happiness can improve life, then we can say that sporting activity improves life, because sport brings joy, happiness, and life satisfaction and brings positive feelings to a man. Emotions are also a possible factor of exercising and sporting activities. Exercise reduces stress and increases the feeling of happiness. Measuring feelings is a very subjective matter, which provides an individual evaluation of one's own feelings, education, income, personal fulfillment, family, and other social conditions.

#### *1.3.1.5 Taking care of yourself*

It is important to take care of yourself, because it can make the social life easier and can ensure confidence, social relationships, and happier and healthier life. Taking care of yourself means also the interest of your own physical appearance and personal hygiene, to have better life feelings; to manage the needed matters outside of the home, without the help of somebody else; to be able to cope with the

**119**

*Sport for the Subjective Dimensions of Quality of Life DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88209*

for your own satisfaction of life and well-being.

*1.3.2 The dimension: global satisfaction with life*

*1.3.2.1 Satisfaction with life and subjective well-being*

ingly to this he/she evaluates his/her quality of life.

occurring problems in your life; and to have good feelings because you can manage it all. Taking care of yourself means also regular exercising, whether it can be a daily walk, jogging, home exercising or going to a gym, or regular participation in organized kinds of sports as an athlete. The time of taking care of yourself covers also the time for relaxing (maybe even time to be lazy for a while), time for sleeping, and time with family and friends, because taking care of yourself is important

Global satisfaction with life has its part in subjective well-being and subjective quality of life of people. Measurement of the life satisfaction among adolescents is needed. The comparison with adults can bring some new information to social research.

What is subjective well-being? For one it is only the feeling of positive evaluation of life. For another there are many areas, which influence the life. Areas, which most influence well-being, are in accordance of [66] as follows: physical well-being, economic well-being, social well-being, personal development and development of activities, emotional well-being, psychological well-being, satisfaction with life, specific areas in life and satisfaction within, participation in activities, and participation at work. How man perceives own well-being or lack of well-being accord-

The findings of [48] supported the statement that physical activity can have long-term effects on well-being. Satisfaction with life represents the cognitive dimension of subjective well-being and captures a global sense of well-being from the perspective of the respondent [3, 5]. Subjective well-being is popularly often called happiness. Happiness or subjective well-being is often measured as a part of life satisfaction. In evaluating happiness, it is important to remember that the appreciation and assessment depend on the time of evaluation. If it is evaluated immediately after the experienced situation or after a longer time only as a recall from the memory, there can be some differences in evaluations. The subjective well-being is composed of several separable although somewhat related variables [5]. Measuring national well-being and quality of life [67] in the United Kingdom provides results that younger people (mainly aged 16–24 years) were more likely to report higher ratings of satisfaction with their health and higher ratings of physical activity engagement. Especially the young people in the age range 16–19 years (adolescents) reported a higher level of life satisfaction (9–10 out of 10) than those aged 20–24. In accordance to [68], well-being is divided into two aspects; these are life satisfaction and personal development. In the year 2015, [69] presented the comparison about the overall quality of life around the world and found out that Northern European nations are at the top of many well-being indicators and many African nations are near the bottom. Life satisfaction is the result of a judgmental process of an individual who assesses the quality of his/her life according to his/her own criteria. In the ideas of [7], the overall satisfaction with life is an indicator of quality of life, because one indicates how satisfied one is with one's life. Subjective well-being comprises people's longer-term levels of pleasant affect, lack of unpleasant affect, and life satisfaction [4]. The report of [70] noticed that satisfaction is an area of psychic phenomena that is classified into the subjective experience sphere of a man. An individual is satisfied when he/she can achieve predetermined goals. The relation between life domain satisfaction and overall life satisfaction, values, and internal/external perceived control has been explored by [71] at the sample of

*Quality of Life - Biopsychosocial Perspectives*

exercising and sporting activities.

*1.3.1.3 School environment and school duties*

life of children, adolescents, and teachers too.

*1.3.1.4 Emotions and feelings*

*1.3.1.5 Taking care of yourself*

examples. They can provide the time to experience the opportunities and possibilities of spending leisure time with positive activities, which enrich the person. Many times, a child is raised in a family where sport and movement are strongly supported. This is also the reason why the child is more willing to devote the time to

Leisure time activities are different, as evidenced by the list of more than 250 different forms of leisure time activities published by the World Leisure and Recreation Association (WLRA). A very good idea is when a man decides that his/her leisure time activities will be fulfilled with the sporting activities and exercising, but the most often excuse of not doing these activities is that a man has not enough time.

Attending the school is compulsory for all children who reached 6 years of age and lasts for 10 long years. Children in this age period spend more time in the school environment than in any other places and must fulfill some school requirements, beginning with the homework and then learning knowledge and preparing all for the next day school duties. In the school and after the school time, there are duties that pupils must manage. Someone is excited when going to school, but not all. School activities are rates below average scores in happiness, while social, active, and passive leisure activities are rated above average of personal happiness [54]. The school helps the students improve academically, socially, and individually. Students are happy in school [65] when they are as a team member to the classroom and school activities, when they are appreciated, and when they succeed and had good social relations. They are unhappy when there are exams in school, homework and home projects, syllabi, teachers, pressure, violence, and punishment [ibid]. School is a place, where school climate, with all the staff and pupils, has a considerable mutual influence on the physical and psychological well-being and the quality of

Emotions and feelings influence the behavior. Emotions and feelings should be oriented in a useful manner of behavior. Emotions are important aspects of sporting activities. The emotions occur before, during, or after sporting activities. When these emotions are positive, a man can be keener to realize the activities. Rather than the intensity, the frequency of positive feelings is more important for happiness. It can be said that what a man likes can be made with greater engagement, enjoyment, and satisfaction. If we assume that experience of joy and happiness can improve life, then we can say that sporting activity improves life, because sport brings joy, happiness, and life satisfaction and brings positive feelings to a man. Emotions are also a possible factor of exercising and sporting activities. Exercise reduces stress and increases the feeling of happiness. Measuring feelings is a very subjective matter, which provides an individual evaluation of one's own feelings, education, income, personal fulfillment, family, and other social conditions.

It is important to take care of yourself, because it can make the social life easier and can ensure confidence, social relationships, and happier and healthier life. Taking care of yourself means also the interest of your own physical appearance and personal hygiene, to have better life feelings; to manage the needed matters outside of the home, without the help of somebody else; to be able to cope with the

**118**

occurring problems in your life; and to have good feelings because you can manage it all. Taking care of yourself means also regular exercising, whether it can be a daily walk, jogging, home exercising or going to a gym, or regular participation in organized kinds of sports as an athlete. The time of taking care of yourself covers also the time for relaxing (maybe even time to be lazy for a while), time for sleeping, and time with family and friends, because taking care of yourself is important for your own satisfaction of life and well-being.
