**4. Results and discussion**

To test the hypotheses, partial least squares (PLS) analysis using the SmartPLS 3.0 was performed [30, 31]. The PLS is suitable for early-stage research model construction allowing the interaction between the theory and the empirical data and the small sample condition [32]. In addition, it allows us to test the causal relationships between constructs that feature multiple measurement items [32]. The authors will build a two-stage model to test the measurement model to perform construct, discriminant, and convergent validity and confirm the structural model to test the hypotheses through the significance of the path coefficients.
