*Toward Management Based on Knowledge DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86757*

*Current Issues in Knowledge Management*

traditional solutions.

in this chapter. That supplies a set of elements which raise awareness of crucial problems linked to the digital transformation of the organizations and transcend

transposition of our approach to knowledge management.

**2. Background theories and assumptions**

approach of knowledge management.

transformation processes within organizations.

[11–16].

**2.1 Research motivations, method, and objectives**

In Section 2, the chapter describes the background theories and assumptions. We introduce a reflection on knowledge within organization considered from two perspectives: a cognitivist perspective and a constructivist perspective. We state three interlinked fundamental postulates that constitute the basis of our approach of knowledge management; we present our vision of KM that we call "managerial and socio-technical" approach to KM. In Section 3, the chapter provides a discussion about KM, and we identify two main approaches underlying KM: a technological approach and a managerial and sociological approach. Then, in Section 4, the chapter introduces the socio-technical approach to the organization and the concept of organization's information and knowledge system (OIKS/SICO). Finally, in Section 5, the chapter presents the management based on knowledge with regard to the problem of capitalization on knowledge within organizations. This vision is a

In this chapter, the basic concepts presented are derived from our industrial experience and university researches. As an operational manager responsible for the deployment of innovative technologies (including computer-aided design and knowledge-based systems) in a large industrial company—at a time when these technologies had just been developed in universities and laboratories—we developed empirical models with a socio-technical vision of organizations. These models have been used as references to generate the organizational learning process that induced organizational members to appropriate and use these technologies.

Later on, we became associate researcher in the domain of knowledge management, and we highlighted the lack of KM models with a socio-technical perspective. As the project's manager, we practiced a constructivist approach underlying the creation and use of knowledge. The interactions of these dual trajectories are at the root of a useful reflection on the establishment of the concept of "management based on knowledge," transposed from our "managerial and socio-technical"

In addition, this reflection is based on (1) few books posing the fundamentals of knowledge management [1–9], (2) the work of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) KM working group [10], and (3) the thesis conducted at

We wish that this chapter should be useful for all stakeholders of the digital

Our research has led us to identify two major approaches to knowledge management in organizations: a technological approach and a managerial and sociological approach. These approaches are significant for the fundamental conceptual distinction of two world visions: the cognitive perspective and the constructivist

<sup>2</sup> Laboratoire d'Analyze et Modélisation de Systèmes pour l'Aide à la Décision, Université Paris-Dauphine,

**2.2 Knowledge within organizations considered from two perspectives**

PSL Research University, CNRS UMR (7243), LAMSADE 75016, Paris, France.

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LAMSADE2

perspective, highlighted by [4]. Thereafter, we agree with their analysis and paraphrase, in large part, what they say, which describes two ways of approaching the concept of knowledge in organizations.
