*2.2.1 Cognitivist perspective (representationism)*

The cognitive perspective is the best established and best known. It began in the early 1950s with considerable advances in computer science, systems theory, psychology, and neuroscience. The cognitive sciences provided important insights into the physical structure of the brain and the functioning of cognitive processes. Formal models of the cognitive system as an information processing machine and logical reasoning were developed. Knowledge was envisaged as representations of the world consisting of a number of objects and events, and the key task of the brain (or any other cognitive system) was to represent or model them as accurately as possible. Knowledge was universal; two cognitive systems were to lead to the same representation of the same object or event. For cognitivists, knowledge was explicit, capable of being encoded and stored, and easily communicable to others.

Moreover [17], specified that from a cognitive perspective, two major hypotheses concerning knowledge can be identified:

