**1. Introduction**

The latest technologies and knowledge today play a huge role in the rapidly changing global economy [1, 2]. Studies that analyze how knowledge is created, accumulated, and transferred make it possible to identify and explain the performance and productivity gaps between specific enterprises, activities, industries, and even countries that have "knowledge potentials"—dynamic knowledge absorption capabilities [3].

Companies currently tend to reorient their efforts toward applied rather than fundamental research, which makes organizations dependent on the state and academic institutions [4, 5]. A similar situation, although smaller in scale and coverage, is faced by scientific organizations due to the increasing financial and political pressure on them [6, 7]. As a result, the structure of the body of knowledge is undergoing significant changes: despite the increasing number of patent applications and scientific publications, scientific activity results are mostly incremental in nature, the consequences of which are hard to predict [8]. In view of the foregoing, ensuring the flow of scientific knowledge, results, and the process of evaluating and monitoring the transfer and adaptation of accumulated experience to one's own work environment within the "triple spiral" system (various knowledge-sharing institutions, science and education) is becoming ever more critical every day [9, 10].

In this chapter, we review the knowledge flow phenomenon and the related learning spillover effects as well as their impact on companies' innovative activities.
