*3.2.2 Managerial and sociological approach of knowledge management*

Thiétard [33] proposes the following definition of management: "Management can be defined as the way to conduct, direct, structure and develop an organization. It touches on all the organizational and decision-making aspects of how she works. Management is less concerned with the procedures to be applied, whether they are accounting, legal or social procedures, than the animation of groups of men and women who must work together for the purpose of a finalized collective action" (p. 1).

Thus, the diversity of situations, the complexity of problems, and the multiplicity of actors concerned by the KM should be studied. We can say that managerial and sociological approach of the KM emphasizes the link between learning and action and the constraints of the social system which requires giving meaning to working hours. This last point of view is based on the theory of needs and motivations pointed out by [34–38] and in particular on a pyramid hierarchy of motivations determining the human behavior proposed by the American psychologist Abraham Harold Maslow (1908–1970), who distinguishes five levels of need [37], notably level 5, the need to use and to develop one's abilities, to flourish in one's work.

Consequently, each employee must have a sense of belonging to the company; he must be integrated into a network of people and have good relations with others; he must be respected and recognized; he must take pleasure in the accomplishment of his work. The KM must provide the means to be autonomous and to develop its own potential.
