Preface

When talking about the concept of "management", we must not forget about such an important area of application as the public sector. Historically, the management staff of state-level institutions and enterprises solved the most complex and largescale tasks. That is why the existence and development of the public sector formed the basis of what is now commonly understood by the word "management". Most often, the meaning of this term is defined as management and leadership skills. Of course, the principles of management in the public sphere and commerce are different, but they have a lot in common.

The modern word "crisis" comes from the Latin *crisis*, meaning a crucial situation or turning point. In medicine, the term "crisis" still retains this meaning and denotes a sharp deterioration of the patient's condition, which may be followed by recovery from the disease or death.

In turn, crisis came from the ancient Greek 'κρίσις' (krisiz), which means decision or choice and has etymological origin from the verb 'κρίνω' (crino) - to decide, which was used in ancient judicial practice to refer to the actions of the trial, including sentencing. Later, the noun 'κρίσις' received additional meanings such as outcome (battle), dispute, contest, and even interpretation (dream), but no negative meaning was given.

The term "crisis management" first appeared in press after the military-political conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States in 1962 (the so-called "Caribbean or Cuban crisis"). The essence of the crisis was that the Soviet Union began to deploy medium-range missiles in Cuba that could threaten the security of the entire United States. In turn, the US government, in an effort to prevent this threat from being realized, established a naval blockade of Cuba and stated that all Soviet ships that are sent to Cuba will be searched, and ships with missiles will be stopped and, if necessary, sunk. In response, the Soviet Union declared that an attack on at least one Soviet ship would be the beginning of World War III. To make recommendations on how to get out of this extremely dangerous situation without compromising the national security of the United States, the President of the United States, J. Kennedy created a special group led by his brother R. Kennedy. After several days of round-the-clock discussions and consultations, the Kennedy group was able to develop proposals that were acceptable to both the United States and the USSR. The conflict was over, and the activities of the R. Kennedy group were called "crisis management".

The term "crisis management" was applied to business only after the publication of the monograph "Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable" by Steven Fink in 1986. Since then, this term has turned from a journalistic cliche into a scientific concept, and its concept, theory, and methodology have been further developed.

It is the turning point in the meaning of the word "crisis" that indicates the possibility of changing the situation by making decisions that contribute to changing the vector of development of events from destruction to recovery and further development.

**II**

**Chapter 7 107**

**Chapter 8 123**

**Chapter 9 135**

and Law Enforcement **147**

**Chapter 10 149**

Management of Tourism Crisis in the Middle East

Management in Tourist Destinations in Rural Nigeria

Industrial Harmony and Political Stability

Exploring the Three-Way Destination Safety Solution to Crisis

Crisis Management in Nigeria's Public Sector and the Impact of the Organised Labour Union: Interrogating the Nexus between

Applied Aspects of Crisis Management for National Security

The Police Development and Protection of Soft Targets *by Martin Hrinko, David Palička, Leoš Hájek and Petr Kubický*

*by Omar Jawabreh*

*by Elochukwu A. Nwankwo*

*by Daniel Taye Medoye*

**Section 3**

From the above, the general definition of the term "crisis management" follows as a process of saving the system from its destructive effects.

Our book consists of three key interrelated sections:
