**Abstract**

This study looks for to recognize the realism of management of tourism crisis in Jordan (Amman Hotels' Bombing case study). In order to show the role of the management and its effects in facing the tourism crisis in Jordan, the researcher will try to handle a group of points: finding a special concept for tourism crisis, crisis generative environment, management of tourism crisis, and studying Jordan management of the Hotel bombing in Amman. To clarify and achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach to what is stated in the most important books and references Arab and foreign periodicals, statistics, and official reports relating to the ethics of the research. It is recommended, in this study, to provide training opportunities for all people who have a role in the management of tourism crisis especially in the communication sector, the massive presence of police in the tourism site, hotels, and all the tourism places under the condition of not being seen, and to provide the qualified policemen with modern defensive weapons.

**Keywords:** tourism crisis, hotel, Black Wednesday, tourism crisis management, Jordan

### **1. Introduction**

The Arab region is crowded with political challenges, most notably the Arab Spring, and the Arab-Israeli conflict is a permanent and ongoing event that is constantly taken on the agenda of Arab and Jordanian tourism. The lack of financial allocations for marketing is not a new event in Jordan's tourism strategies. We add that there is a clear shortage of qualified human resources to work in the local tourism sector.

The Jordanian citizen does not accept tourism as it affects the value system and morals in the country; we find that the growth of mufflers and bars is faster than the growth of mosques or cultural and social centers, as well as being the main source of high prices and increased greed of traders, especially owners of restaurants and hotels, tourism makers in Jordan do not distinguish between foreign tourists and the Jordanian citizen (tourist).

According to recent statistics, the growth rate of the sector in Jordan will exceed 7% during 2010–2019, while the global growth rate of tourism will reach 4%; the number of hotels that will enter the Middle East market will reach 253 in the next Four years, in addition to 120,000 guest rooms.

The World Tourism Organization expects that the contribution of the sector to the GDP in Jordan will reach 23% by the end of 2020, and provide (435) thousand jobs

and is expected to increase the number of tunnel rooms during the same period, i.e., 10 rooms, and the participation rate of the tourism sector in the product Local to 17%.

Some researchers have linked terrorism to tourism, including: Feridun [1], who examined the effects of terrorist attacks on the tourism sector on incoming tourism in Turkey during the period 1986–2006, and showed that the terrorist attacks negatively impacted on the economic side. Some researchers went on to link political, economic, and terrorism events to tourism development. Saha and Yap (2013) conducted a study on the impact of political instability and terrorism on tourism development in 139 countries for the period 1999–1999. The study showed the impact of political instability on tourism development. In addition, terrorism and political instability have also seriously affected the tourism industry. The study also examined the relationship between political instability, terrorism, and tourism in the SAARC regions, representing the countries of Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh during the period 2012–1995 [2–7]. In addition to many other data, such as the average tourist expenditure according to the average duration of stay in different tourist areas and other data, this rule should also include everything related to the tourism offer, various accommodation, employment, tourism transport sector, tourism companies, public tourist shops, entertainment places, special events, and festivals. This is in addition to the need to provide data and information on the impact of the tourism sector on the national economy, such as gross and net tourism income and the impact of this income on the balance of payments and capital invested in the tourism sector, tourism employment, tourism sector, and the growth rate of tourism and tourism sector compared to other sectors. Finally, this database should include data on domestic tourism and tourist offices at home and abroad, and data on the environment and its impact on the tourism sector. The role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at home and abroad is to clarify the real picture of foreign embassies inside Egypt and to foreign nationals abroad, in order to reduce the effects of this crisis, in addition to many other measures that complement these steps. After the crisis, there are a number of measures such as providing medical and psychological care for the injured tourists and citizens and the role of the Ministry of Information, Tourism, Foreign Affairs and Interior in containing the crisis and international tourism seminars and conferences, clarification and protection of tourism and nontourism. In Egypt, the world can feel the extent of security and safety enjoyed by Egypt. One of the crises is the Gulf War and the Crisis of the Egyptian Tourism Sector: the Egyptian tourism sector has suffered significant losses since the escalation of the Gulf War in August 1990 and even after the end of the war in February 1991. The Gulf War led to the decline of the Egyptian tourist season, by about 6%, by about 60%. Tourism movement (number of tourists) to about 27% in 1989 decreased to 9.3% in 1990 and then reached 80.14% in 1991. It is clear to us that without the Gulf War and assuming a steady rate of growth of the number of tourists, in 1989, the number of tourists had reached more. The loss was not only limited to the number of tourists coming to Egypt, but also to the number of tourist nights spent in 1990, during the same period in 1990. The Gulf crisis has also led to the deterioration of several key sectors related to tourism activity such as hotels, tourism companies, public shops, ordinary traders, as well as the corporation. The direct loss of the tourism sector was estimated at about 3 billion pounds, but the losses were also about another 3 billion pounds, which means both direct and indirect losses [8–10].

In spite of many variable advantages that Jordan has, it still did not get the appropriate tourism position because of the many crises that face the tourism sector, the sensitivity of this sector, the intensity of its effect with crisis, and in specific, the terrorist attacks which aim to shake the trust in the Jordanian tourism [5, 11–23].

**109**

Ben Ali.

and \$ 1000 in Greece.

ated with terrorist operations.

Egyptian Ministry of Tourism.

in 2012, down to 41%.

*Management of Tourism Crisis in the Middle East DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90174*

indirectly threatens the employment of its workers.

Nigeria, 8000 from Ethiopia, and 3000 from Somalia.

from January to August, compared with the same period last year.

and labor. His research focuses on the Middle East and North Africa.

While it is premature to give an accurate assessment of the anticipated consequences of the deteriorating security situation that the country is complaining in this delicate situation, on the tourism sector as a whole, the indications so far indicate the widespread concern among some tourists who are planning to spend their holiday in Tunisia, while others cancel their reservations and change their orientation toward other safer countries. The tourism sector contributes about 7% of the GDP economic sector, which contributes about 7% of the GDP, which is equivalent to 400,000 jobs directly. Because tourism activity is closely linked to other economic activities, such as trade, handicraft, and transport, the shrinking influx of inbound tourism negatively affects the income of these activities and

El Hassan Achi is an economist in development, institutional economics, trade,

While restoring security is an indispensable condition for improving the performance of Tunisia's tourism sector, it is not enough. If the crisis of the Gaza Strip has been exacerbated since the revolution due to the deterioration of the security situation and the increasing uncertainty about the trends of tourism policy after the victory of the Ennahda Party in the legislative elections and its leadership of the government, its roots were already due to structural factors related to the nature of the tourism product adopted by Tunisia as a field of specialization. The investment policy is the new trend for investment policy in the tourism sector during the period before the overthrow of the regime of President Zine El Abidine

Tunisia's tourism sector has suffered from its excessive focus on medium-sized indoor beach resorts, which mainly receive low-income groups from the European Union. This trend suffers from low levels of profitability and is strongly influenced by economic conditions. It is clear from the data of the World Tourism Organization that the average revenue from tourist arrivals to Tunisia does not exceed \$ 385, which is the weakest at the level of tourist destinations around the Mediterranean. The average tourist revenue is \$ 725 in Morocco, \$ 770 in Turkey, \$ 890 in Egypt,

One might say that Egypt has an income of 5 million and 400,000 tourists, which is a good number, but what is important in tourism is the income generated by tourism and not the number of tourists. The detailed view of the number of Arab tourists last year is as follows: 283,000 tourists from Libya, 77,000 from Iraq, 68,000 from Palestine, 63,000 and 500 Yemeni tourists, and 54,000 Syrian tourists; and from African countries, the detailed view is as follows: 44,000 tourists from

There are fears that some Western countries are rushing to issue travel warnings to the South Sinai region (northeast of the country), with the term Sinai still associ-

The number of tourists arriving in Egypt decreased by 13% during the period

Egypt's tourism income declined last year to \$ 5.9 billion, compared to \$ 10 billion

The total number of tourists coming to Egypt during the last 8 months was about 6.3 million, compared to 7.2 million in 2013, according to data from the

Egypt is counting on the tourism sector to provide about 20% of foreign currency annually, while the volume of investments in the sector is estimated at 68 billion pounds (9.5 billion dollars), according to the Ministry of Tourism data.

**2. Research background**
