**Author details**

Omar Jawabreh Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, The University of Jordan, Aqaba, Jordan

\*Address all correspondence to: o.jawabreh@ju.edu.jo

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**119**

dpm.2010.19.4.515.2

[9] Angel K, Menéndez-Plans C, Orgaz-Guerrero N. Risk management:

*Management of Tourism Crisis in the Middle East DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90174*

[1] Feridun M. Impact of terrorism on tourism in Turkey: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Applied Economics. 2011;**43**(24):3349-3354. DOI: 10.1080/00036841003636268

Comparative analysis of systematic risk and effect of the financial crisis on US tourism industry: Panel data research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2018;**30**(3): 1920-1938. DOI: 10.1108/IJCHM-

[10] Malhotra R, Venkatesh U. Pre-crisis period planning: lessons for hospitality and tourism. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes. 2009;**1**(1):66-74. DOI:

[11] Paraskevas A. Crisis management

[12] Jayawardena C. Tourism in Niagara: Conclusions and solutions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2008;**20**(3):360-368. DOI:

[13] Miller DMS, Gonzalez C, Hutter M. Phoenix tourism within dark tourism: Rebirth, rebuilding and rebranding of tourist destinations following disasters. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes. 2017;**9**(2):196-215. DOI: 10.1108/WHATT-08-2016-0040

[14] Fayez A et al. Tourism Security. Riyadh: Naif Arab University for

[15] Sawalha IHS, Eid Jraisat L, Al-Qudah KAM. Crisis and disaster management in Jordanian hotels: Practices and cultural considerations. Disaster Prevention and Management:

Security Sciences; 2004

An International Journal.

DPM-09-2012-0101

2013;**22**(3):210-228. DOI: 10.1108/

[16] Costa J, Gomes J, Montenegro M. Did the context of economic crisis affect the image of Portugal as a

10.1108/17554210910949896

or crisis response system?: A complexity science approach to organizational crises. Management Decision. 2006;**44**(7):892-907. DOI:

10.1108/00251740610680587

10.1108/09596110810866163

03-2016-0173

[2] González-Herrero A, Pratt C. Preventive marketing for crisis communications in tourism: Management strategies in the USA and Spain. Journal of Communication Management. 1998;**3**(1):9-25. DOI:

[3] Al-Omari I, Ali M, Mahmoud R, Jawabreh O. The Arab spring impacts on the Jordanian hotels sector.

[4] Alsarayreh M, Jawabreh O, Helalat M. The influence of terrorism on the international tourism activities. European Journal of Social Sciences.

[5] Liu B, Pennington-Gray L, Klemmer L. Using social media in hotel crisis management: The case of bed bugs. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology. 2015;**6**(2):102-112. DOI: 10.1108/JHTT-08-2014-0036

[6] Little John R. Crisis Management: A Team Approach. New York: AMA; 1993

[7] O'Connor N. Crisis Management in the Tourism Industry–Beating the odds? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2010;**22**(4):582-584. DOI: 10.1108/09596111011042776

[8] Pforr C, Hosie P. Crisis management in the tourism industry: Beating the odds? Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal. 2010;**19**(4):515-515. DOI: 10.1108/

International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 2015;**5**(44):159-171

**References**

10.1108/eb023481

2010;**13**(1)

*Management of Tourism Crisis in the Middle East DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90174*
