**Part II. Crisis Management in Practice**

It is established that the sources of business crisis are often internal reasons related to the processes of growth and development of the organization as a self-organizing system. In order to classify such crises, some authors compare the development of an organization with the development of a person and distinguish the so-called life cycles of organizations. Prominent representatives of this approach are Larry Greiner and Itschak Adizes.

There is also an alternative approach that has won many supporters. Created in 1990, the American Institute for Crisis Management (ICM) proposed to divide all the causes of crises into two categories: sudden and smoldering.

Sudden crises are unexpected and abrupt disruptions to the economic activity of an enterprise caused by natural or man-made circumstances, as well as damage to the company's reputation.

Smoldering crises are usually caused by problems that have been secretly developing in the company and were not known either inside or outside the company until the moment of their manifestation, and which can lead to serious threats or losses.
