**Abstract**

Body-mind approaches (e.g., yoga, mindfulness meditation, Pilates method, and cognitive behavior therapy) are commonly used by the public today. However, the comprehensive neurobiological framework of effects of body-mind approaches is unknown. To begin, we discuss the dynamic and static models of each body-mind approaches from neurobiological perspectives, as well as from the standpoint of practical issues. By the dynamic components of body-mind approaches, people enhances meta-cognitive function, and it lead to decreases in avoidance behavior in social aversive context are suggested. On the other hand, it is assumed that static components of body-mind approaches enhance non-reactive monitoring function for baseline of self. Therefore, we discuss the implications of these findings for practitioners and for future research on body-mind researchers. Additionally, this chapter covers the essential ethical guidelines of body-mind approaches within the domain of medical or educational fields.

**Keywords:** body-mind approaches, psychiatric disorder, dynamic components, static components, resonance effect, meta-cognitive function

#### **1. Introduction**

No doctor or medical treatment can be comparable in efficacy to the human feelings of joy and happiness [1]. The variety of feelings we have as humans and our process of recognition make our lives interesting and meaningful. The inter-individual differences in subjective feelings and the processes of recognition are affected by individual differences in our physical function [2]. The human mind comprises both a bottom-up peripheral nervous system and a top-down central nervous system interaction that controls it. For example, playing football or baseball, which are moderate whole-body exercises, creates feelings of happiness. It is thought that this is due to an increase in body temperature, which is the result of an increase in momentum. This

rise in temperature leads to an improvement in autonomic nervous system control through exercising the muscles of the torso and other parts of the body, which we then recognize as positive emotions. Also, when people hear of painful experiences of those close to them (e.g., friends, significant others, family), this affects emotions in a way that makes the listener want to help. Altruistic behavior arises when we perceive changes in own body sensations in social interactions and when we guess the feelings of others. On the other hand, before people speak in public, individuals often have shortened breath and a rapid heartbeat, feelings we understand as being nervous. Subsequently we attempt to relax. Stress in both the workplace and academic situations increases our sympathetic nervous system, long-term stress which is difficult to control is harmful for physical and mental health. According to the World Health Organization, one in three people suffer from some type of psychiatric disorder, a statistic that holds true in many countries around the world. In Japan, the economic loss related to mental illness exceeds seven trillion yen yearly, a number that combines direct and indirect expenses. Psychiatric disorders can be interpreted as abnormalities in bodily functions due to external factors, and a breakdown in basic mental functions. For example, depression and anxiety disorder result in abnormalities in the control of cardiac autonomic nervous system. Also, persons with depression and anxiety disorder have abnormal functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and insula when compared to healthy subjects. Recently, there is increased attention to body-mind approaches as effective treatment for psychiatric disorders. However, as in terms of the treatment mechanisms of these body-mind approaches, there has been little discussion of a comprehensive framework from neurobiological perspectives. Therefore, the current paper explores two basic frameworks: (1) a dynamic and static model of bodymind approaches from neurobiological perspectives and (2) basic ethical guidelines of the body-mind approach when practicing in the fields of medical care and education.
