**4. Conclusions**

The study confirms that the combustion synthesis method is suitable for large-scale production of the phosphor in minimum time. Structural characterization shows that the phosphors have monoclinic structure with particle size in the range of 8–12 nm. Phosphor synthesized by this method has homogenous particle

**87**

**Author details**

Raunak Kumar Tamrakar1

Memorial), Durg, Chhattisgarh, India

provided the original work is properly cited.

Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

\*Address all correspondence to: raunak.ruby@gmail.com

\* and Kanchan Upadhyay2

1 Department of Applied Physics, Bhilai Institute of Technology (Seth Balkrishan

2 International and Inter University Centre of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

*Gd2O3: A Luminescent Material*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92310*

found a broad and intense Raman peak at 340 cm<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

were observed at 375, 395, 424 and 451 cm<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

phors follow the second-order kinetics.

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

size distribution. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) show the Gd (3d) level consists of a spin orbit split doublet, with the Gd (3d)5/2 peak is found at 1186.74 eV. Raman spectra was recorded with excitation of 633 nm wavelength, we

UV and visible regions. So that, the phosphor may behave as white light emitting phosphor, which was further confirmed by its CIE coordinates. The CIE coordinates for combustion synthesized Gd2O3 phosphor have values *X* = 0.207 and *Y* = 0.206, and for the glycine synthesized Gd2O3 phosphor *X* = 0.209 and *Y* = 0.207. The values of CIE coordinates show that the Gd2O3 phosphor prepared by combustion synthesis emits blue color. The TL studies of both the phosphors were carried out under UV and gamma exposure. The activation energy for 0.66 eV and 0.71–0.72 eV for UV exposure and gamma exposure respectively. The value of shape factor μg for all the TL analysis was found in between 0.45 and 0.54, which shows that the phos-

We are very grateful to NIT Raipur for XRD characterization and also thankful to Dr. Mukul Gupta for his co-operation. We are thankful to SAIF, IIT, Bombay and

IIT Delhi for other characterization such as SEM, TEM, FTIR, and EDX.

The authors declare there is no conflict of interest.

along with less intense peaks

. The emission spectra have peaks in all
