*3.1.1 Multi-disciplinary approach*

Taking the multiple functional issues into consideration, multi-disciplinary approach has become the trend in syndromic craniosynostosis management. A craniofacial centre or unit may consist of various specialties such as neurosurgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, and oculoplastic, among others.

## *3.1.2 General assessment*

Patient growth progress and development should be assessed and properly documented as it provides valuable baseline and comparative data before and after surgery. This includes objective data such as head circumference, height, weight, gross and fine motor, as well as speech development, among others. These parameters are important as it may determine whether any corrective surgery should be indicated as early as possible or performed at a later stage [21].

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**Figure 1.**

**Figure 2.**

*3.1.5 Ophthalmological assessment*

*Thinning of the skull bone noted from the reconstructed 3D CT scan.*

*Surgical simulation on the monobloc advancement of the frontofacial segment.*

*Craniofacial Corrective Surgery in Syndromic Craniosynostosis*

Specifically on the craniofacial region, assessment can be focused on patient's initial head shape, the degree of exopthalmos, ability for eyelid closure, nasal airflow, midfacial projection, jaw relationship and intraoral condition. Clinical picture

Imaging modalities provide valuable input in identifying a specific functional issue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or CT scan may indicate any anomaly in the brain region and the condition of skull bone, respectively. Thinning of bone or copper beaten appearance is an indication to raised intracranial pressure necessitating corrective surgery to improve the intracranial volume via procedures such as posterior vault

Specific ophthalmological assessment such as retinal camera or fundoscopy provides information of the interior surface of the eye, including the retina, vasculature, optic disc and macula. Pale disc may be an indication of increased intracranial

documentation is very useful as it can be used for serial comparison.

expansion or fronto-orbital advancement as shown in **Figures 1** and **2**.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94584*

*3.1.3 Clinical assessment*

*3.1.4 Imaging assessment*

### *Craniofacial Corrective Surgery in Syndromic Craniosynostosis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94584*
