**Acronyms and Abbreviations**


*Surgical Treatment of Neural Tube Defects DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95408*

*Spina Bifida and Craniosynostosis - New Perspectives and Clinical Applications*

symptoms improvement was proved.

fibers duroplasty is recommended.

duroplasty [24].

**3. Conclusions**

medical follow-up and therapy.

Author has no conflict of interest.

VPS ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS)

**Acronyms and Abbreviations**

DST dermal sinus tract (DST) SCT spinal cord tethering

CSF cerebrospinal fluid ICP intracranial pressure

SBO spina bifida occulta SCM split cord malformation AFP alpha fetoprotein (AFP) OSD occult spinal dysraphism

SB spina bifida

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

New-born and infants are usually treated primarily with external ventricular drainage with later internalization when effectiveness of ICP lowering on clinical

In the cases of persisted clinical symptoms cervico-cranial decompression comes to role. Despite foramen magnum is enlarged, suboccipital craniectomy with preferred laminoplasty over laminectomy on upper cervical vertebrae relieve compression on neural structures. Extend of cervical decompression is planned according preoperative MRI. Torcular identification on MRI and bearing in mind its localization prevents massive intraoperative bleeding with possible menacing consequences, when dura is opened, despite there no consensus about necessity of

Because spinal and cranial dura lacks elasticity consisting mostly of collagen

Because of distorted anatomy associated with high risk of neural or vascular damage, arachnoideal dissection to explore the fourth ventricle and normal spinal

Artificial dura is used to complete duroplasty with sufficient space for neural content and CSF. Dural sealants reduce CSF leakage. Wound is closed in layers.

Approximately one tenths of patients require reoperation. Reason for recurrent

The treatment of spina bifida is a complex problem that requires multidisciplinary treatment not only at the time of surgery, but also often requires lifelong

cord identification is reserved only for cases with syringomyelia [25].

compression can be extensive epidural scaring or new bone formation.

This chapter is published with grant VEGA 1/0428/21 support.

**72**
