*1.3.2 Particles' size, shape, and types*

Various results of electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties have announced that the polymeric nanocomposites can be invaluable when a small amount of nanosize particles is appropriately chosen and dispersed into the base polymer matrix [14]. Composite material properties change dramatically due to the size, shape, and type of nanoscale particles. These nanoparticles have individual mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties [11]. Based on the size and type of particles, nanomaterials properties are shown in **Figure 3** and they are categorized as follows in **Figure4** [15, 16].


If the number of the dimensions that are in the nano range is considered, exfoliated clay will be regarded as 0-D nanoparticles, because the diameter of these particles are in nanometer range. In order to utilize the ceramic nanoparticles in a better way with polymers, a potential studied has been done recently, especially in the field of the synthesis process and surface science. The most common studied ceramic nanoparticles are silica (silicon dioxide—SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), titania (TiO2), zirconia (ZnO), or silicon carbide (SiC).
