Knowledge Patterns within the Conception of Semantic Web

*Martin Žáček, Alena Lukasová, Marek Vajgl and Petr Raunigr*

#### **Abstract**

The article tries to contribute to answer a question if the general concept of knowledge pattern with its sub-concepts covers a great majority of the approaches used under this term in computer science literature. At one case, specialized software design patterns in the frame of object-oriented methodology become a very well used tool for software praxis; at a different case, there exists a large packet of tools for creating ontologies of various areas. As a third case, also RDF-based networks of linked data could be seen as knowledge patterns characterizing at least structures or defined activities of some social, working, or other organizations. We propose here to see the problem of knowledge pattern from knowledge representation especially at directions where the goal of using knowledge pattern meets the general goal of the semantic web. The motivation of this article is to apply knowledge patterns in the semantic web because knowledge at a higher professional level can and should usually be given in such a way that their specialized formal expertise incorporates the key to understanding their meaning.

**Keywords:** pattern, knowledge, RDF, CFL, semantic web

#### **1. Introduction**

Generally, the concept of knowledge pattern [1] modeling appears in knowledge engineering, apparently due to the corresponding concept of a design pattern in software development in the frame of object-oriented methodology. But the difference is mainly in the area of the two points of view. While the design pattern is focused toward general principles of software creation in terms of practices, structure, or behavior properties, the corresponding specifications of knowledge patterns need to take into focus minimally the concept of knowledge, its properties, and cases. While in the case of declarative knowledge it simply involves acquiring new knowledge or its new application from a given knowledge base, all within the first-order logics formalism, for procedural knowledge a generally acceptable formal language and approach until now has not been found. But knowledge pattern for procedural knowledge case gives us a possibility to use similar rules of design patterns as well as in the case of software development. If moreover knowledge pattern has been embedded into the semantic web concept [2] environment with a seeing the world throw the RDF principle [3], it represents a new quality in the sense that content and form become easy-to-use for computers and comprehensible to users without deeper penetration into the principles of knowledge engineering.
