**Author details**

Toru Yazawa1 \* and Shinji Omata2,3

1 Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan

2 Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan

3 Symphodia Phil Co. Ltd., Yamagata, Japan

\*Address all correspondence to: yazawa-tohru@tmu.ac.jp

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**53**

*mDFA Detects Abnormality: From Heartbeat to Material Vibration*

Engineering, vol. 14 Springer: Dordrecht; 2009. pp. 1-14. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8919-0.ch1

[8] Kobayashi M, Musha T. 1/f fluctuation of heartbeat period. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1982;**BME-29**: 456-457. DOI: 10.1109/TBME.

[9] Peng CK, Havlin S, Stanley HE, Goldberger AL. Quantification of scaling exponents and crossover phenomena in nonstationary heartbeat time series. Chaos. 1995;**5**:82-87. DOI:

[10] Yazawa T. Chapter 2: Anxiety, worry and fear: Quantifying the mind using EKG time series analysis. In: Mohamudally N, editor. Time Series Analysis and Applications. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech Open; 2017. pp. 7-22. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.71041

[11] Yazawa T, Shimoda Y, Katsuyama T. Chapter 42: DFA, a biomedical checking tool for the heart control system. In: Ao SL, Rieger BB, Amouzegar M, editors. Machine Learning and Systems Engineering. Dordrecht: Springer; 2010. pp. 547-556. DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9419-3\_42

[12] Yazawa T, Shimoda Y, Hutapea AM. Evaluation of sleep by detrended fluctuation analysis of the heartbeat.

AIP Conference Proceedings. 2011;**1737**(199):199-210. DOI:

[Accessed: March 04, 2019]

[13] Mogire E. What's the Difference Between Grinding Materials? Technologies. Materials. Machine Design. February 28, 2019. https:// www.machinedesign.com/materials/

10.1063/1.3627205

1982.324972

10.1063/1.166141

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85798*

[1] Yazawa T. Modified Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (mDFA). ASME Series Momentum Press. NY: LLC; 2015.

[2] Shimizu H, Fujisawa T. Peduncle of Hydra and the heart of higher organisms

[3] Yazawa T, Kuwasawa K. The cardioregulator nerves of the hermit crabs: Anatomical and electrophysiological identification of their distribution inside the heart. Journal of Comparative Physiology. A. 1984;**154**:871-881. DOI:

[4] Yazawa T, Katsuyama T. Spontaneous and repetitive cardiac slowdown in the freely moving spiny lobster, *Panulirus japonicus*. Journal of Comparative Physiology. A. 2001;**187**:817-824. DOI: 10.1007/s00359-001-0252-z. PMID:

[5] Yazawa T, Kiyono K, Tanaka K, Katsuyama T. Neurodynamical control systems of the heart of Japanese spiny lobster, *Panulirus japonicus*. Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics.

[6] Yazawa T, Katsuyama T, Katou A, Kaizaki H, Yasumatsu M, Ishiwata T, et al. Fourier spectral analysis and micro-bore column HPLC analysis of neuronal and hormonal regulation of crustacean heart. Hosei University Tama Bulletin. 2001;**16**:29-40 (In

[7] Yazawa T, Tanaka K. Scaling exponent for the healthy and diseased heartbeat: Quantification of the heartbeat interval fluctuation. In: Sio-Long AO et al., editors. Advances in Computational Algorithms and Data Analysis. Lecture Notes in Electrical

share a common ancestral origin. Genesis. 2003;**36**(4):182-186. DOI:

Print ISBN: 9781606506127

10.1002/gene.10213

**References**

10.1007/BF00610688

11800038

2004;**1-2**:114-121

Japanese)

*mDFA Detects Abnormality: From Heartbeat to Material Vibration DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85798*
