**4. Noble ligaments loaded with metallic oxides**

Nanoporous composites in which the noble ligaments are loaded with metallic oxides have recently been investigated. These composites include nanoporous Ag-TiO2, Ag-CeO2, Pd-NiO, and Pd-TiO2 and exhibit improved catalytic properties compared with pure nanoporous nobles. In this section, their structures and performance are reviewed.
