Preface

The function of numerous electrical, electrochemical, mechanical, and biological systems or components depends on suitable friction and wear as well as tribological values. In this context, the study of friction, wear and lubrication is of tremendous pragmatic importance. In recent years, the study of tribological behavior of a component has received great attention, as the wastage of resources resulting from friction and wear has become clearer.

This book provides the motivation for research aimed at developing a fundamental understanding of the nature and consequences of the interaction between materials or components on friction, lubrication and wear perspectives. This book guides the rational design of material for technological application.

Chapter 1 "Abrasive Wear Performance of Fe2B Layers Applied on Steel Substrates'' evaluates the resistance of dry abrasive wear in the Fe2B layer deposited on AISI D2 and 1040 steel substrates, using the powder-pack boriding process.

Chapter 2 "Experimental Results of the Tribology of Aluminum in the Presence of Polytron Additive" discusses experimental studies on a brand-new additive called Polytron to assess its role in the minimization of friction and wear.

Chapter 3 "Structural-Energy Interpretation of the Friction" studies the structuralenergy model of elastic-plastic deformation as the main mechanism of transformation and dissipation of energy under friction. It proposes equations of friction energy balance, the energy interpretation of the coefficient of friction, and a structural-energy diagram of the friction surfaces.

Chapter 4 "Thin Films: Study of the Influence of the Micro-abrasive Wear Modes on the Volume of Wear and Coefficient of Friction" studies the influence of microabrasive wear modes on the behaviors of the volume of wear (*V*) and of the coefficient of friction (*µ*) of thin films submitted to micro-abrasive wear.

Chapter 5 "Novel Predictors for Friction and Wear in Drive Train Applications" derives a molecular model that shows how the release and the approach of additives toward a surface is essential and related to the reaction processes that occur during loading.

Chapter 6 "Tribological and Wear Behavior of Metal Alloys Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)" investigates the different behavior of principal metallic alloys by LPBF. Since LPBF is an additive manufacturing technique for the production of parts with complex geometry it is especially appropriate for structural applications in aircraft and automotive industries.

Chapter 7 "Tribological Characteristics of Smart Materials (Magneto-Rheological Fluids and Elastomers) and their Applications" shows the tribological characteristics of magneto-rheological fluids (MRFs) and magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs), as smart materials have been widely studied in various engineering fields

**II**

**Section 2**

Temperature

*and Huiyu Zhou*

Products and Process

Composite Films *by Hongbo Ju*

*and Jan Wulczynski*

and Results of Verification Testing

Lubrication **119**

**Chapter 8 121**

**Chapter 9 147**

**Chapter 10 179**

**Chapter 11 189** Testing of the Resistance to Scuffing of Spiral Bevel Gears: Test Rig, Method,

A Review of Surface Treatments for Sliding Bearings Used at Different

*by Jun Cao, Liang Qin, Aibing Yu, Haibo Huang, Guoping Li, Zhongwei Yin* 

Tribology: The Tool to Design Materials for Energy-Efficient and Durable

*by Amaya Igartua, Raquel Bayon, Ana Aranzabe and Javier Laucirica*

High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Metal Nitride-Based Nanostructure

*by Waldemar Tuszynski, Marek Kalbarczyk, Bartosz Kiser, Michal Michalak, Remigiusz Michalczewski, Jerzy Mydlarz, Witold Piekoszewski, Marian Szczerek*  to address vibration issues because the mechanical properties are controllable under the strength of a magnetic field.

Chapter 8 "A Review of Surface Treatments for Sliding Bearings Used at Different Temperature" reviews different treatment technologies to improve tribological properties and select the best treatment for different bearings used at different temperature. This is helpful considering that boundary lubrication and dry friction of plain bearings at different work are unable to be avoided under the start and stop conditions.

Chapter 9 "Tribology: The Tool to Design Materials for Energy-Efficient and Durable Products and Process" describes a summary of the main tribological achievements carried out at TEKNIKER technology centre during the last 37 years. It covers the description of commercial and newly developed tribological test benches and case studies for a wide variety of applications.

Chapter 10 "High-Temperature Self-lubricating Metal Nitride-Based Nanostructure Composite Films" reviews the formation mechanism of Magnéli phases and the influence of Magnéli phases on the high-temperature tribological properties of hard transition metal nitride films synthesized using magnetron sputtering. Film technology is one of the most efficient methods of modifying the surface properties of materials.

Chapter 11 "Testing of the Resistance to Scuffing of Spiral Bevel Gears - Test Rig, Method and Results of Verification Testing" studies the development of a new bevel gear test rig and scuffing test method at ITeE-PIB research institute. It investigates the effect of various gear oils and the deposition of a low-friction coating on the resistance to scuffing.

I am very much grateful to Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur, for creating the opportunities to do this work.

I wish to give my heartfelt and sincere thanks to Md. Bengir Ahmed Shuvho, Lecturer, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research (NITER), Savar, Dhaka, for his continuous technical and valuable support. I appreciate and acknowledge his contributions in reviewing all the chapters. I immensely benefited from the help of Author Service Manager Ms. Ivana Barac and my publisher IntechOpen. I am also grateful to the authors for their worthy contributions. I learned a lot of ideas for editing this book from Professor Dr. Mohammed Alauddin, Honorable Vice Chancellor of DUET, Gazipur. Hopefully this book will be used for fundamental and applied research by students and researchers alike.

Special thanks go to my wife Anisa Akhtar, my son Ayan and my daughter Afsheen, who were forbearing during the year I spent long days and night in conducting research and keeping up with the literature as I prepared this book.

> **Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury** Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh

> > **1**

Section 1

Friction and Wear
