**Author details**

**8. Conclusions**

800 years.

**Acknowledgements**

Yalamaz, and Cansu Demirel.

**42**

Graben's coastal area.

Paleolimnological study of the Middle to Late Holocene lacustrine archive of Lake Bafa allowed us to reconstruct the geological history of the Büyük Menderes

Lithological and geochemical analyses of the 4.2-m-long lacustrine core BAF37

marine–river interaction (2.7–1.75 cal. ka year BP); stage II, lagoon (1.75–0.8 ka year BP); and stage I, the recent isolated swamp lake (last 0.8 cal. ka). This transition from marine stage to the recent lacustrine conditions was somewhat a gradual process, and the environmental conditions during the stage III were predominantly controlled by the tectonics and postglacial sea level rise, resulting in subsidence,

The redox conditions were oxic before the isolation but became relatively reducing during the ensuing period. K, Si, and Ti concentrations and grain size distributions reflect a high energy environment interrupted by fluctuating shortterm low energy conditions during 2.5–2.2 cal. ka year BP. Low energy conditions also prevailed during the 2.2–0.8 cal. ka yr. BP and particularly during the last

Our observations indicate that ecosystem characteristics of the study are controlled by the combination of the hydroclimate and geotectonic processes. However, their effect of intensity is also reflecting changes from past to previous terms.

The scientific and technological research council of Turkey (Tubitak-Ardep project numbers: 113Y070; 115Y766) and scientific research projects' coordination unit of Istanbul University (BAP project numbers: 28942; 17828) kindly provided financial research supports, which are gratefully acknowledged. Furthermore, related MSc study project is also supported by scientific research projects' coordination unit of Istanbul University (BAP project number: 37190). We would kindly thank Istanbul Technical University Eastern Mediterranean Centre for Oceanography and Limnology (EMCOL) for their contribution and support for several aspects, i.e., retrieving the core samples, laboratory facilities, and discrete sampling processes. In this respect, we thank EMCOL students especially Dursun Acar, Burak

and 12-m-long swamp drill core BS in the adjacent area provide a continuous archive of environmental changes during the last 2.5 and 4.5 cal. ka years, respectively. Geochemical and sedimentological proxy records from both cores show the following significant changes in the ecosystem of the area, from oldest to the present-day: stage IV, marine-dominated (4.5–2.7 cal. ka year BP); stage III,

erosion, sediment transport, and delta progradation.

*Sedimentary Processes - Examples from Asia,Turkey and Nigeria*

Özlem Bulkan1,2\*, Bilgehan Toksoy Ediş <sup>1</sup> and M. Namık Çağatay<sup>3</sup>

1 Geological Engineering Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

2 Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland

3 EMCOL Research Centre, Faculty of Mining, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

\*Address all correspondence to: bulkan@istanbul.edu.tr

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
