**3. Results and discussion**

*Rainfall - Extremes, Distribution and Properties*

culated to be 1700 (counts cm2

**Figure 2.**

were described elsewhere [10].

ters (OPC) (RION, KC-01D).

their elemental analyses is shown in **Figure 1**.

experimentally and theoretically. For instance, the sensitivity of calcium was cal-

*Several frozen raindrops lying on the sieve with 1.7 mm mesh size (top) and a raindrop on Ag film (bottom).*

The more detailed analytical procedures and experimental setup for PIXE analysis

The overall process of collection and handling of size-resolved raindrops, and

In addition to the raindrop collection, the highly time-resolved (10-minute cycle) PM2.5 sulfate was monitored during a whole research period by the ambient particulate sulfate monitor (8400S, Rupprecht & Patashnick Co.). A detailed description of design, operation, and data reduction and processing can be found elsewhere [11]. In order to measure PM2.5 mass concentration, a light scattering PM2.5 monitors (Dust Scan Scouts 3020, Rupprecht & Patashnick Co.) was simultaneously operated. Details

The number concentrations of size-selective particulate matters (i.e., 0.3–0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.0, and 2.0–5.0 μm) were also monitored by an optical particle coun-

**2.3 Monitoring of sulfate, PM2.5, and particle number concentration**

on this PM2.5 monitoring system was previously described [12].

/μC μg) with a detection limit of 9.4 × 10<sup>−</sup><sup>3</sup>

(μg/cm2

).

**98**
