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## Meet the editor

After graduating as a chemical engineering engineer at the Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest in 1983, Dumitra Lucan joined the Institute for Nuclear Research Pitesti. She obtained her doctor degree from the Polytechnic University of Bucharest in 2003 with a dissertation titled "Contributions on the Study and Mathematical Modelling of the Impurities Concentration and Deposition Processes, by Boiling, into CANDU Steam Genera-

tor." Her interests include research and development in the corrosion behavior of the CANDU Steam Generator structural materials depending on material properties, corrosive environment and testing conditions, data processing, and interpretation. She also studied the chemistry of liquid lead and its interaction with structural materials for the Generation IV Lead Fast Reactor.

Contents

**Section 1**

Creating

*by Rais Ahmad*

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

**Section 4**

of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution

Their Mechanical and Wear Behaviour *by Vikas Verma and Alexandra Khvan*

Finite-Strain Elastoplasticity

*and Branislav Hučko*

*by Dennis S. Tucker*

**Preface III**

Obtaining and Characterization **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 25**

Mechanical and Wear Behaviour **47**

**Chapter 3 49**

Material's Models Developing **61**

**Chapter 4 63**

Applications for Nuclear Fuel Elements **85**

**Chapter 5 87**

Using of Magnetron Sputtering for Biocompatible Composites

*by Elena O. Nasakina, Mikhail A. Sevostyanov, Alexander S. Baikin, Sergey V. Konushkin, Konstantin V. Sergienko, Mikhail A. Kaplan, Ilya M. Fedyuk, Alexander V. Leonov and Alexey G. Kolmakov*

Polyaniline/ZnO Nanocomposite: A Novel Adsorbent for the Removal

A Short Review on Al MMC with Reinforcement Addition Effect on

An Alternative Framework for Developing Material Models for

*by Ladislav Écsi, Pavel Élesztős, Róbert Jerábek, Roland Jančo* 

CERMETS for Use in Nuclear Thermal Propulsion

## Contents


Preface

This book explores the research results dedicated to obtaining, characterizing, and mathematically modeling composite materials, especially metal matrix composites

Authors from different countries (India, Russia, Slovakia, and the United States)

*Chapter 1* focuses on the investigation of biocompatible composites obtained using magnetron sputtering for the production of minimally invasive medical implantation devices (stents). Nano- and microdimensional surface layers of Ta, Ti, Ag, and Cu on flat and wire NiTi, Cu, Ti, and SiO2 substrates are created. Phase composition, surface morphology, and layer-by-layer composition are investigated on an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Auger spectrometer. It is shown that the thickness and structure of surface layers are affected by sputtering distance, time, power, and bias voltage at the substrate. The presence of the transition layer that contains both substrate and target elements and provides high adhesion of the surface layer to the substrate is demonstrated. The material is tested for corrosion resistance under static conditions by dipping into solutions with various acidities (from pH 1.68 to pH 9.18) for two years, static mechanical properties and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. A slight corrosive dissolution is observed only in a medium at a pH of 1.56. Dissolution in the other media is absent. An increase in strength and plasticity in comparison with substrate is attained depending on the nature of the sputtered substance and substrate. The toxicity of

*Chapter 2* contains experimental results on the synthesis and characterization of a polyaniline zinc oxide nanocomposite (PAZO) by different analytical techniques such as FT-IR, XTD, TGA-DTG, SEM, and TEM. Nanocomposite material is further explored for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution, and the effect of various adsorption parameters such as agitation time, solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature is observed and optimized by preliminary experiments. The adsorption of metal ions is highly pH dependent and the maximum removal efficiencies and adsorption capacities of the selected metal ions are obtained at pH 2. The experimental data are tested using Langmuir, Freundlich, D-R, and Temkin models and the data are best followed by the Langmuir model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity is 120.92 mg g–1 at 30°C, 134.22

(MMCs), with superior properties having a wide range of applications.

The book consists of seven chapters allocated between four sections:

i. Obtaining and characterization

ii. Mechanical and wear behavior

iv. Applications for nuclear fuel elements

iii. Material's models developing

have contributed chapters to this book.

samples is not revealed.
