Operation, Control and Optimization

Chapter 4

System

Abstract

market increases.

1. Introduction

63

Power Quality Improvement of

Side-Based Energy Management

Gaspard d'Hoop, Olivier Deblecker and Dimitrios Thomas

state. Three different power quality issues are evaluated: the voltage drop, the harmonic distortion, and the phase unbalance. A formulation for an energy management algorithm for microgrids is proposed under the form of a mixed-integer linear optimization including harmonic load flows. It handles both the optimization of the scheduling of all the generation, storage, and load assets, and the resolution of power quality issues at the tertiary level of control by adjusting the levels of certain types of loads within the system. This algorithm is simulated for different scenarios on a conceptual test-case microgrid with residential, industrial, and commercial loads. The results show that the demand-side management mechanism inside the algorithm can adapt efficiently the consumption behavior of certain loads, so that the voltage drop, the voltage total harmonic distortion, and the voltage unbalance factor meet the required standards at every node of the microgrid during the day. It is also highlighted that the microgrid can gradually reduce the purchase of power from the utility grid to which it is connected if the electricity price on the spot

Keywords: microgrid, power quality, demand-side management, energy

The sectors of electricity generation, transmission, and distribution are currently facing a change of paradigm. The introduction of decentralized renewable energy sources and storage systems, the rise of electric vehicles, the multiplication of international high-voltage lines, and the development of smart grids are many reasons to believe that the way our societies produce, transmit, and consume elec-

A reliable and economically feasible supply of electricity remains, however, primordial for industrial and residential consumers. In the near future, several countries plan to introduce real-time pricing (RTP) at distribution levels, in order to reflect directly the variability of the electricity price on the consumers [2]. But since

the costs of distributed renewable sources and storage systems have been

management system, mixed-integer linear programming

tricity will progressively change in the coming decades [1].

This chapter addresses the power quality of grid-connected microgrids in steady

a Microgrid with a Demand-
