**3.2 Microgrid operation**

As indicated hereafter, the Adrar region is mainly supplied by gas turbines. But there are many isolated populations around this locality that are powered by wind and/or photovoltaic energy.

**Figure 6.** *Simulation of a partial shading in a sunny day from 12 am to 14 pm.*

Microgrid, which integrates renewable energy sources, is connected to the main grid by relays. When the load is insufficiently powered by one of the sources, the corresponding switch will open, and other sources available will be the main providers for the load, following the scenarios below:


The aim of microgrid design is to study large-scale development, field demonstration and performance evaluation of domain names by:


**31**

in **Figure 9**.

*Microgrid Application in Algeria Saharian Remote Areas*

• Optimal real-time communication, infrastructure

• Local flexibility market platform and algorithm

and simulate it in real time with the Opal-RT software [8].

the load rate. The result of the latter is summarised in **Table 3**.

the load entirely powered by both renewable sources during 24 h.

IGBT), controlled by a signal from an algebraic loop.

positive signal is sent to the switch to be on.

For reasons of reliability, large amounts of data must be exchanged as much as possible in real time between zones. This will allow the system to react quickly to any changes in network operating parameters. Microgrid control and monitoring

• High-speed, highly reliable and redundant communication infrastructure

• Reliable and coordinated controls by the system before and after disruptions

Tools based on real time synchronised network models for preventive and emergency network management systems and simulation of the behaviour of the

To improve the project's accessibility, it is required to create a microgrid model

Adrar grid consists of four HV lines (220 KV) and seven transformer stations. It has six power plants with a global-produced power of 140 MW (**Figure 7**). First, we tested the grid's operation without micro-sources in order to calculate

Thanks to various metrological data (wind curve and solar irradiance in the Adrar area), we simulated the operation of the Kebertene wind farm and the Zaouiet Kounta photovoltaic plant with satisfactory accuracy, as shown in **Figure 8**. We see that in normal climatic condition according to metrological data, we have

It is interesting for assuming that this microgrid can work in an islanded mode, during many days in the week. Diesel generator and storage can give the autonomy

We propose for supply sources control an electronic power switch (Mosfet or

If the voltage value from decentralised sources is equal to the voltage reference, a

If this is not the case, the main power system will supply the loads, as shown

• Dedicated communication infrastructure, e.g. fibre-optic cables, for monitor-

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86352*

**3.3 Communication used in microgrid**

ing underground cables

entire electrical/energy system.

*3.4.2 Simulation of Adrar microgrid*

*3.4.1 Adrar main grid*

for the entire system.

*3.4.1 Control of supply sources*

**3.4 Modelling and simulation of microgrid**

must be ensured:

It is important to note that the control strategies and dynamic behaviour of a microgrid in autonomous mode of operation may be different from those of a conventional electrical system [6, 7].
