**4. Conclusions**

The plethora of biomolecules that can be combined with polymers enables the design of new types of polymer-based NPs and interfaces, for example antimicrobial coatings from hybrid lipid polymer NPs [80, 83], possibly useful in medical devices, which will hopefully provide innovative preventive and therapeutic approaches in medicine.

Future generations of biomimetic systems will involve more complex compositions and combinations, leading to insights into fighting pathological conditions. Future developments in biomimetic assemblies including polymers will certainly improve and expand biomedical applications and significantly advance the treatment of cancer and many other diseases.

Nowadays lipid polymer, positively charged, biomimetic NPs are available over a range of sizes for vaccines design and drug delivery. Biomimetic lipid polymer NPs were first described by our group in the nineties [7–9, 14–16, 92]. The last decades witnessed significant extensions in our repertoire so that lipid-polymer and polymer-lipid dispersions or coatings, nanosized bilayer fragments, bilayer-covered polymeric particles, and layer-by-layer lipid polymer assemblies, most of them cationic, found novel applications as adjuvants for vaccines, as carriers for drug delivery and as antimicrobial assemblies.
