**8. The treatment and rehabilitation of PTSD**

Treatment or rehabilitation efforts should concentrate not only on severe psychiatric symptoms, emotional disturbances and personality traits or disorders, but also on interpersonal and social-environmental interactions. To treat PTSD, clinicians only use drugs and do not provide psychosocial treatment; thus, they cannot meet the true needs of the survivor. Based on the bio-psychosocial causation model of psychiatric disease as it applies to public health, we propose a model of the causation of PTSD. Issues related to PTSD that are most in need of further study include biological causation, psychosocial recovery, and long-term evaluation of psychological rehabilitation.
