**Chapter 2**

*Innovations in Assisted Reproduction Technology*

Sharma R, Assidi M, Abuzenadah AM, Alshahrani S, et al. Characterizing semen parameters and their association species before and after sperm preparation: Comparison of swim-up

and L4 filtration. Archives of

10.3109/01485019408987783

[137] Li Z, Zhou Y, Liu R, et al. Effects of semen processing on the generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential of human spermatozoa. Andrologia: First International Journal of Andrology;**44**(3):157-163. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.01123.x

[138] Thilagavathi J, Kumar M, Mishra SS, Venkatesh S, Kumar R, Dada R. Analysis of sperm telomere length in men with idiopathic infertility. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

2013;**287**:803-807. DOI: 10.1007/

[139] Zhao F, Yang Q, Shi S, Luo X, Sun Y. Semen preparation methods and sperm telomere length: density gradient centrifugation versus the swim up procedure. Scientific Reports. 2016;**6**:39051. DOI: 10.1038/srep39051.

[140] Ghasemzadeh A, Karkon-Shayan F, Yousefzadeh S, Naghavi-Behzad M, Hamdi K. Study of pentoxifylline effects on motility and viability of spermatozoa from infertile asthenozoospermic males. Nigerian Medical Journal. 2016;**57**(6):324-328. DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.193857

[Epub: 13 December 2016]

[141] Holstein AF, Schulze W, Davidoff M. Understanding spermatogenesis is a prerequisite for treatment. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2003;**1**:107. DOI:

10.1186/1477-7827-1-107

[142] Sharpe R. Environmental/ lifestyle effects on spermatogenesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 2010;**365**(1546):1697-1712.

DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0206

s00404-012-2632-8

Andrology. 1994;**32**(3):169-174. DOI:

[130] Ko EY, Sabanegh ES Jr, Agarwal A.

[132] Liu Z, Zh R, Zhang J, Chuang CC, Kandaswamy E, Zhou T, et al. Role of ROS and nutritional antioxidants in human diseases. Frontiers of Physiology. May 2018;**17**(9):477. DOI: 10.3389/ fphys.2018.00477eCollection 2018

[133] Poljsak B. Strategies for reducing or preventing the generation of oxidative stress. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2011. Article ID 194586, 15 p.

DOI: 10.1155/2011/194586

[134] Rougier N. Changes in DNA fragmentation during sperm preparation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection over time. Fertility and Sterility. 2013;**100**(1):69-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.03.005

[135] Quinn M, Jalalian L, Riberio S, et al. Microfluidic sorting selects sperm for clinical use with reduced DNA damage compared to density gradient centrifugation with swim up in split semen samples. Human Reproduction. 2018;**33**(8):1388-1393. DOI: 10.1093/

[129] Agarwal A, Sharma RK,

with reactive oxygen species in infertile men. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2014;**12**:33. DOI:

Male infertility testing: Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity. Fertility and Sterility. 2014;**102**:1518-1527. DOI: 10.1016/j.

10.1186/1477-7827-12-33

fertnstert.2014.10.020

231-240

[131] Sabeti P, Pourmasumi S, Rahiminia T, Akyash F, Talebi AR. Etiologies of sperm oxidative stress. The International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (Yazd). 2016;**14**(4):

**22**

humrep/dey239

[136] Agarwal A, Ikemoto I,

Loughlin KR. Levels of reactive oxygen
