**2. Materials and methods**

A qualitative case study approach was employed in this study to provide a holistic and in-depth explanation of the community-based flood problem and its implications for temporary displacement on the people of the Ogbaru community, particularly women and children. Our primary data were key informant interviews, observations, semi-structured interviews, photographs, focus group discussions, and informal interactive dialogs with indigenes that were recorded. We also used secondary sources of information. For our reviews, we also included an analysis of our operational environment, livelihood sources, challenging vulnerabilities and hazards, and the dynamics of the socioeconomic milieu. Also, we used the purposive sampling technique (convenient and snowball methods) to select our informants to ensure that their core views and voices of women and the

participating male informants of problems under study were appropriately represented. Forty community members were randomly interviewed using unstructured questions.

Our interview and discussion groups were carried out using the Igbo and English languages. Effective interpretation back to the English language was done by our research assistants. We included different variables from our target relative to educational background, marital status, occupation, and socioeconomic data of the perceptions of the interviewees on the effects of river flooding. We also employed the focus group discussion (FGD) to interact with 60 women using unstructured questions. There were separated into six women groups (10 in each group) namely single, married, and aged/with disabilities. Forty persons were randomly interviewed using semi-structured interviews, while eight (8) persons (5 women and 3 men) were recruited to be involved in our key in-depth interviews (see **Figures 4**–**7**).

#### **Figure 4.**

*The community chairman Mr. Uche Ijomah (red arrow) who came to receive the researchers at bank of River Niger to the study area (blue arrow).*

**Figure 5.** *Different FGD sessions of Akili Ogidi women.*

*Climate-Driven Temporary Displacement of Women and Children in Anambra State, Nigeria… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104817*

#### **Figure 6.**

*A photo session of the researchers with the community women after the focus group discussion.*

#### **Figure 7.**

*A photo session of some of the women researchers with the community chairman (red), community chief (blue), elders, and women leader (red).*

Each session of the three women groups lasted for about an hour. The FGD provided the researchers with the primary information about the community women's daily activities and how their roles intersected with their coping mechanisms and pressure from flooding. We, manually, analyzed our qualitative data, and for our photographs and the field observations, the images gave a vivid description of flood activity. The GPS obtained ground control points. We used other sources of data to confirm the results reflecting unique findings from our study area.
