**6. Conclusion**

The dimensional impacts of climate change threaten species biodiversity and its functional characteristics influencing the ecosystems. This can be mitigated through implementation of mitigation and adaptation plan for actions minimizing climate change induced risks targeting to support biodiversity and entire ecosystem services. Mitigation of greenhouse gases emission through reduction in use of fossil fuel, promotion of clean energy and increase in the rate of carbon uptake through natural ecosystems is the solution. Similarly, implementation of strategic action plans, afforestation/reforestation, agroforestry, land use management, promotion of renewable energy (hydropower, biomass, wind power, solar power etc.) as well as effective implementation of plan, policy and conventions can contribute to address the global climate issue and its impacts. Likewise, minimizing negative consequences and enhancing opportunities adjusting or accommodating to climate change induced impacts can also increase the adaptive capacity of species and ecosystems. This can lead plummeting non-climatic stresses, such as pollution, over-exploitation, habitat loss and fragmentation and invasive alien species, wider adoption of conservation and sustainable use practices including through the strengthening of protected area networks and facilitating adaptive management through strengthening monitoring and evaluation systems.

Nepal has adopted several policies, strategies and EIA tool to address emerging environmental and ecological issues envisioned from developmental projects but threats on ecosystem and biodiversity and degrading rate of natural environment is constant in an alarming rate. The emerging agenda of the country like promotion of renewable energy, enhance capacity of local communities' adaptation and resilience, widen carbon storage through sustainable forest management, and reduce carbon emissions can support to the consequences of climate change issues.

To conserve biodiversity including terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems, restoration of degraded ecosystems, potential impacts of developmental projects can be avoided, reduced and compensate together with pollution control. This can support restore biodiversity and sustain utilization of ecosystem services however, magnitude of climate change effect difficult to adapt all dimension of ecosystems.

*Climate Change in Asia and Africa - Examining the Biophysical and Social Consequences…*
