**7. Conclusion**

This study concludes that the increased thermal stress and back-to-back coral bleaching are the particular concern over Indian coral reef regions due to pressure from long-term climate change and anthropogenic activities. This study highlights that the satellite-derived SST data could serve as a useful coral reef monitoring tool along with the field data confirmation. Corals in the Gulf of Kachchh and Malvan regions show distinct regional sensitivity towards BT, SST anomalies, and DHW. NOAA CRW data proves its potential towards a long-term SST. The year 2020 was the warmest in the Gulf of Kachchh region, and 2010 was in the Malvan region during the period from 2010 to 2020, which recorded a high duration of thermal stress over the region. But the highest temperature and highest anomaly was recorded in the year 2015 over the Gulf of Kachchh region, while the Malvan region was received in 2010. In the Gulf of Kachchh region, the year 2020 was recorded high DHW compared to other years, which was under "Alert Level-2" status, and the Malvan region recorded high DHW in 2010 with "Alert Level-1" status. The year 2012 recorded minimum thermal stress over both regions. This study revealed that

*Climate Change Induced Thermal Stress Caused Recurrent Coral Bleaching over Gulf… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96806*

the high intensity and long duration thermal stress led to bleaching and mortality, which indicates the dire situation of coral reef health degradation. Therefore, the persistence of fragile coral reefs in the Gulf of Kachhh and Malvan Marine Sanctuary are in need of urgent science-informed active conservation, restoration and management intervention.
