**1. Introduction**

Radiation oncology is the discipline dealing with the treatment of malignant neoplasias or cancerous lesions (and occasionally benign lesions) with ionizing radiation for cure or palliation intent. The clinical modality or technique has been used to treat the patient in radiation oncology is referred to as radiation therapy (or "radiotherapy"). Radiotherapy has often given in combination with other treatment modalities for instance chemotherapy, surgery, hormonal therapy, etc. The aim of radiotherapy is to deliver a precisely measured dose of irradiation to a defined tumor volume with as minimal damage as possible to surrounding healthy tissue, resulting in eradication the tumor, high quality of life, and prolongation of survival [1]. **Figure 1** presents a typical radiotherapy workflow, from patient consult and assessment to follow-up. The field of radiotherapy has witnessed with significant technological advances over the last decades. This advancing has introduced the complexity of radiotherapy processes and generating a massive amount of data (also so-called "big data") during radiotherapy workflow.

**Figure 1.**

*Radiotherapy workflow, from patient consult and assessment to follow-up.*
