*3.1.1 Turbidity*

Turbidity is the cloudiness of water [10]. It is a measure of the ability of light to pass through water. It is caused by suspended material such as clay, silt, organic material, plankton, and other particulate materials in water [2].


**5**

material [19].

*Water Quality Parameters*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89657*

and many pesticides [15].

silica in suspension [10].

the soil [9, 16].

*3.1.3 Color*

*3.1.2 Temperature*

Turbidity in drinking water is esthetically unacceptable, which makes the water look unappetizing. The impact of turbidity can be summarized in the following points:

2.The particulates can provide hiding places for harmful microorganisms and

3.Suspended materials can clog or damage fish gills, decreasing its resistance to diseases, reducing its growth rates, affecting egg and larval maturing, and

4. Suspended particles provide adsorption media for heavy metals such as mercury, chromium, lead, cadmium, and many hazardous organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),

5.The amount of available food is reduced [15] because higher turbidity raises water temperatures in light of the fact that suspended particles absorb more sun heat. Consequently, the concentration of the dissolved oxygen (DO) can be decreased since warm water carries less dissolved oxygen than cold water.

Turbidity is measured by an instrument called nephelometric turbidimeter, which expresses turbidity in terms of NTU or TU. A TU is equivalent to 1 mg/L of

Turbidity more than 5 NTU can be visible to the average person while turbidity in muddy water, it exceeds 100 NTU [10]. Groundwater normally has very low turbidity because of the natural filtration that occurs as the water penetrates through

Palatability, viscosity, solubility, odors, and chemical reactions are influenced by temperature [10]. Thereby, the sedimentation and chlorination processes and biological oxygen demand (BOD) are temperature dependent [11]. It also affects the biosorption process of the dissolved heavy metals in water [17, 18]. Most people find

Materials decayed from organic matter, namely, vegetation and inorganic matter

Color is measured by comparing the water sample with standard color solutions or colored glass disks [10]. One color unit is equivalent to the color produced by a

• *Apparent color* is the entire water sample color and consists of both dissolved

• *True color* is measured after filtering the water sample to remove all suspended

such as soil, stones, and rocks impart color to water, which is objectionable for

1 mg/L solution of platinum (potassium chloroplatinate (K2PtCl6)) [10].

The color of a water sample can be reported as follows:

water at temperatures of 10–15°C most palatable [10, 19].

esthetic reasons, not for health reasons [10, 20].

and suspended components color [10].

1.It can increase the cost of water treatment for various uses [11].

thereby shield them from the disinfection process [12].

affecting the efficiency of fish catching method [13, 14].

**Table 1.** *Parameters of water quality.* *Water Quality - Science, Assessments and Policy*

domestic use [7].

*3.1.1 Turbidity*

**3. Parameters of water quality**

biological [8, 9]. They are summarized in **Table 1**.

**3.1 Physical parameters of water quality**

**No. Types of water quality parameters**

5 Solids Chlorine residual

9 Iron and manganese 10 Copper and zinc 11 Hardness

12 Dissolved oxygen

 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Toxic inorganic substances Toxic organic substances Radioactive substances

6 Electrical conductivity (EC) Sulfate 7 Nitrogen 8 Fluoride

cals that do not cause a threat to human health [7].

4.*Infected water:* It is contaminated with pathogenic organism [7].

There are three types of water quality parameters physical, chemical, and

Turbidity is the cloudiness of water [10]. It is a measure of the ability of light to pass through water. It is caused by suspended material such as clay, silt, organic

**Physical parameters Chemical parameters Biological** 

 Turbidity pH Bacteria Temperature Acidity Algae Color Alkalinity Viruses Taste and odor Chloride Protozoa

**parameters**

material, plankton, and other particulate materials in water [2].

2.*Palatable water:* It is esthetically pleasing; it considers the presence of chemi-

3.*Contaminated* (*polluted) water:* It is that water containing unwanted physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substances, and it is unfit for drinking or

**4**

**Table 1.**

*Parameters of water quality.*

Turbidity in drinking water is esthetically unacceptable, which makes the water look unappetizing. The impact of turbidity can be summarized in the following points:

1.It can increase the cost of water treatment for various uses [11].


Turbidity is measured by an instrument called nephelometric turbidimeter, which expresses turbidity in terms of NTU or TU. A TU is equivalent to 1 mg/L of silica in suspension [10].

Turbidity more than 5 NTU can be visible to the average person while turbidity in muddy water, it exceeds 100 NTU [10]. Groundwater normally has very low turbidity because of the natural filtration that occurs as the water penetrates through the soil [9, 16].
