an individual sewage treatment system using a combined septic tank and sinkhole (**Figure 7b**).

Concerning the rainwater drainage systems, a simplified solution was proposed. The rainwater flows from the roof to catch basins and then to the public storm water system, whenever applicable. As an alternative, a rainwater harvesting system can be installed using rain barrels (**Figure 8**). In this case, it is necessary to install gutters, roof drains and downspouts connected with a rain diverter to the rain barrel. These barrels would accumulate the rainwater, reserving it for less exciting use, such as washing floors.

#### *3.1.4 Urban design*

Different typologies of the urban subdivision were conceived for a pilot project considering at least 100 homes in embryo 2, including the necessary community facilities (schools, health centres and public squares) to serve the expected population. For each 100-home model, simple replication logic was applied to extend the project in case of more significant needs, for example, when an entire neighbourhood has to be built (**Figure 9**).

**89**

smooth topography):

**Figure 10.**

**Figure 11.**

*Simple Housing Solution Project: (Re) Building in Critical Situations*

*Lot distribution on a typical residential block with semi-detached houses. Source: [27].*

The following urban typologies were considered in detail (mainly facing a

• Typology 1 (**Figure 10**): Grid – single-family home lots distributed in rectangular blocks shaped by orthogonal streets. Two different designs were used: the first considered mirror image semi-detached houses to save urban space and define smaller lots; the second considered traditional homes centred in the lot area.

• Typology 2 (**Figure 11**): Grid – "village" type consists of multiple houses in a shared lot (each owner has a fraction of the site, in a condominium arrange-

• Typology 3: Radial – based on a single-centre model that can be replicated with several interconnected centres – used for uneven and hilly ground and not

Both typologies 1 and 2, which are suggested for flat or sloping ground, were detailed in the design process. Typology 3, more adaptable to rugged and uneven ground, was only developed conceptually, considering the inherent implementation

**Table 2** shows a comparative analysis for a hypothetical case of 200 houses, showing that the "village" setup saves urban space, with a considerably higher number of dwellings per area, thus consuming less area per home throughout the development. Detailed comparative analyses were made for the proposed urban typologies planned to relocate the population from flood-prone areas, in the municipalities of

ment), with more significant block areas.

*Single lot with multiple houses in the "village" typology. Source: [27].*

fully detailed in the project's first phase.

problems, lacking the facility for community labour system.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94953*

**Figure 8.**

*(a) Rainwater harvesting system; (b) rain barrel. Source: [26].*

#### **Figure 9.**

*Strategy for replicating residential and hybrid blocks (containing community facilities designed for the local population), based on typology 2 ("village" type). Source: [27].*
