**6. State & its machineries**

A public representative of the district, Rajesh Tripathi (Bahraich, 50 years old, man) told: "There is no strong long-term planning of administration, they just work during the flood, and once the flood is over, they get rid of their responsibilities". Here, the response and action of the local administration can be understood as in the three periods, before the flood, during the flood and after the flood. There is a serious dearth of long-term planning and preparedness before the state, so cannot be denied the fact that it is the very reason for the ravage of the flood. The eyes of the administration open just after the coming of the disaster. During the disaster, local administration works only as an agency of relief distribution like biscuits, plastics, rice, gram, matchbox and etc., unfortunately, discrimination in terms of caste, class, gender and so on, in this allocation is also clearly visible. Astonishingly, the role of the administration in the post-flood period is much more deleterious than the flood. Corruption in rehabilitation processes, social-conflict induced by the official's work-culture, unemployment, diseases and so many socio-economic problems rapidly emerge in this period. For instance, massive soil erosion takes place during the disaster, which erases the demarcations of farmlands of the people. They go to the district's land department offices for the re-demarcation of the farmlands, but officials demand a heavy amount in bribe, which is very difficult for the people, who had recently been ruined by the flood. Therefore, they try to manage it on its own community-based understating, but several times it turns into social mayhem. Sluggish and irresponsible practices of the administration can be noticed

**75**

**Author details**

**7. Conclusion**

**Acknowledgements**

shaping the chapter.

**Note**

Keyoor Pathak1

Regional Centre), Telangana, India

identity and to maintain confidentiality.

chittaranjan.subudhi@gmail.com

provided the original work is properly cited.

and Chittaranjan Subudhi<sup>2</sup>

\*Address all correspondence to: chittaranjan@cutn.ac.in;

\*

2 Department of Social Work, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

1 Council for Social Development (An ICSSR Research Institute, Hyderabad

*Question of Livelihood in the Light of Disaster: With Special Reference to Flood of Bahraich, India*

in the settlement of sources of survival, like fishing, agriculture and so forth. Apart from the rampant corruption and irregularities in the rehabilitation and relief process, another important feature is, which is totally absent from the public policies; government is ignorant of the loss of social and cultural capital, their central

We should not hide our face from the fact that our unmapped and uneven developmental policies have multiplied the pace and intensity of natural disasters that subsequently sabotage the rural livelihood setup, which is sustainable in its form from the time immemorial. The need of the hour is to come out from such public policies that overlook the interest of the agrarian communities since India's around seventy percent population live in the rural areas only. Apart from policy-making, one of the major problems is in the implementation of existing policies, since the bureaucracy is indulged in extreme corruption and money-making through illegal

We would like to acknowledge the contribution of Harry Raj, who helped us in

The researcher has changed the original name of the respondents to protect their

sources that finally hampers the livelihood issues of the communities.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95287*

policies move around merely economic capital.

<sup>5</sup> Nani Maiya Sujakhu, Sailesh Ranjitkar, Rabin Raj Niraula, Muhammad Asad Salim, Arjumand Nizami, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt & Jianchu Xu. 2018. *Determinants of livelihood vulnerability in farming communities in two sites in the Asian Highlands, Water International*. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02 508060.2017.1416445 Accessed: 18.09.2020

*Question of Livelihood in the Light of Disaster: With Special Reference to Flood of Bahraich, India DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95287*

in the settlement of sources of survival, like fishing, agriculture and so forth. Apart from the rampant corruption and irregularities in the rehabilitation and relief process, another important feature is, which is totally absent from the public policies; government is ignorant of the loss of social and cultural capital, their central policies move around merely economic capital.
