**2.3 Updating the index of the people in the shelter**

The index of the missing people is required to be updated continuously. This study considered five minutes interval for updating the index of missing people. In every five minutes, the newly arrived people were observed in the shelter. A preinstalled software is to develop that has to proceed data and develop the index of arrived people in the shelter. The inbuilt index and new index have to be cross

**Figure 1.**

*Natural Hazards - Impacts, Adjustments and Resilience*

human mobility in the cyclone shelters.

**2. Methodology**

people.

photos, mobile number etc.

**2.1 Inbuilt index of people**

**2.2 Identification of missing people**

Despite the application of GPS and GSM for disaster management in different parts of the world, Wi-Fi scanners are not still being used for the detection of people in MPCSs in order to promote the early rescuing of people to reduce death tolls. From this point of view this research focused on developing disaster resilient method for successful disaster evacuation and reducing death toll by detecting

The study proposes a disaster resilient evacuation and rescue method in case of a disaster, e.g., cyclone, flood, and storm surge. This research develops a very simple method of detecting the missing people in the catchment area of a cyclone shelter in order to rescue them before a cyclone landfalls. There are several techniques for the detection of human mobility, e.g., Wi-Fi scanner, Bluetooth scanner, global positing system (GPS) and call record data (CDR). This study proposes a method for detecting human mobility and rescuing them earlier to disasters by using Wi-Fi scanner and smartphones. Wi-Fi probe request identifies the MAC of a smartphone while Wi-Fi is turned on. Wi-Fi probe request identifies the SSID of a smartphone when the hotspot is turned on. By observing MAC/SSID, it observes the mobility of

A field experiment was conducted in a MPCS at Patharghata in Barguna district

An index of the registered participants (resembling community people in the catchment area) of a multipurpose cyclone shelter (MPCS) was prepared earlier to the events of an emergency. The registration of people was facilitated by the authors as imaginary shelter authority. The registration included the name, address, photos, mobile phone number, and MAC and SSID of smartphone. This inbuilt index was used for the search and rescue of the people. Each MPCS is concerned of people who have already registered. **Figure 1** shows the process of developing inbuilt index.

The administrative staff of the MPCS is to prepare the control room and necessary instruments while hoisting the danger signal of cyclone or flood. The people

of Bangladesh. Total 90 people participated in the experiment who were community people. The index of the participants was made by name, address, mobile number, SSID and MAC. A MacBook Pro was used as a host computer and Wi-Fi scanner. The host computer used Wi-Fi probe request. All participant used their smartphones. They turned on the hotspot of their smartphones on request. The turned-on Wi-Fi scanner detected the preregistered participants who turned on hotspot of their smartphone in every five minutes of time interval. The index of the preregistered participants was compared with the new index during the experiment, that gave the index of missing people. The index of missing is required to be updated continuously. If some people go to different shelter other than host shelter, the inter-shelter data processing will identify the actual missing people. The proposed method includes: a) inbuilt index of people, b) indexing of people in the shelter, and c) updating of index and determining the missing people continuously. Due to the privacy reason, we cannot present all information of participant, e.g.,

**42**

*Inbuilt index of the stakeholders in the catchment area of a MPCS.*

#### **Figure 2.**

*Indexing of the people in the cyclone shelter and detection of missing people.*

matched that may produce the index of missing people in the shelter. The updating of index notified the list of the missing people to all refuges in the shelter. **Figure 3** shows the process of updating the index of missing people.

The evacuation of the missing people needs to be confirmed by the shelter's authorities as shown in **Figure 4**. The administrative staff of MPCS will call the missing people and request to join the shelter. The local elected bodies have to contribute to bring the community people into the shelter. Mobile network operators will be given the mobile phone number and they have to send message and call for evacuation. Some people may go out and move to those shelters in emergency situations. Few people may visit their relatives and stay in the neighbouring shelters.

**Figure 3.**

*Updating the index of the missing people in the shelter.*

**45**

*Disaster Resilient Rescue of Coastal Community on Cyclone Warning*

observation curve to facilitate the search and rescue operation.

missing people, and updating the index of missing people.

participated are being used for this study.

mobile number during the search and rescue operation.

**3.1 Inbuilt index**

**3.2 Detection of people**

The dataset of a MPCSs will be shared with the surrounding shelters to ensure the presence of missing people in those shelters. **Figure 4** shows a conceptual graphical

The smart devices are being used for the mobility detection of the car and people, but for the rescuing of people during cyclone that had very limited application. This research proposes a very simple method of detecting the missing people in the catchment area of a MPCS by using Wi-Fi scanner in order to rescue death tolls before a cyclone landfalls. The proposed method includes indexing of the community people in the catchment area, indexing of people in the shelter, determining the

This study used smartphones and a Wi-Fi scanner. A MacBook Pro laptop was used as a Wi-Fi scanner. Experiment was conducted on 11/12/2020, 8/01/2020 and 9/01/2020. The data obtained on 9th January 2020 was used for this analysis. Total 90 participants joined in the experiment. The experiment was a control experiment to simulate the field conditions. All participants were requested to turn off their hotspot of smartphone. Few participants were asked to turn-on the hotspot of their smartphones and Wi-Fi scanner detected the MAC address with SSID of the participants. This process was continued till all participants were detected with a time interval of five minutes. The penetration rate was 100% for this experiment that means all participants were detected during the experiment. The MACs and SSIDs are not disclosed for the privacy reason. Only number of people detected and

An inbuilt index was prepared for this investigation for all participants which comprised the name, address, MAC, SSID, picture and mobile number. There were total 90 registered participants. So, inbuilt index included 90 participants for this experiment. An example of the inbuilt index is shown in **Table 1**. The name was used to identify the people by which he/she is familiar in the community. MAC and SSID were be used to build-up the new index in the MPCS for the comparison and detection of missing people. The missing people could be communicated using their

Manual counting of people takes long time to identify and to rescue them. To facilitate the identification of people in MPCS, this study proposes the application of Wi-Fi scanners and smartphones for automatic detection of people. According to the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC), 156 million people subscribed mobile phone at the beginning in 2019 in Bangladesh where penetration rate of smartphone is satisfactory. For detecting people in MPCS, all participants turned on Wi-Fi/hotspot of their smartphones. Wi-Fi has a total inquiry time of as little as 8 ms. This allows detection of devices every second, allowing people with using Wi-Fi who stays in the range of a detector at a much quicker rate. In this controlled experiment, the number of participants was captured for each 5-minutes. There were 90 participants who joined the experiment. At the beginning of the experiment, all participants turned-off Wi-Fi/hotspot of their smartphones. In each five minutes, few new participants

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94315*

**3. Empirical analysis**

**Figure 4.** *Conceptual observation curve of the missing people in the shelter.*

The dataset of a MPCSs will be shared with the surrounding shelters to ensure the presence of missing people in those shelters. **Figure 4** shows a conceptual graphical observation curve to facilitate the search and rescue operation.
