**6. Collapse fragility and collapse mode**

The collapse fragility is defined as having a median value ^ *Sa*(*T)* and a dispersion. For this purpose, we have used the non-linear static analysis approach in SAP2000

**Figure 16.** *Fragility curves as a function of earthquake PGA.*

**Figure 17.** *B1041.002a SMF Beam-to-Column join fragility.*

(**Figures 19** and **20**) and the SPO2IDA Tool in [1]. The building was modeled according to the Turkish Building Code 2018 for pushover static analysis in each building direction and the effective stiffness of reinforced concrete columns, beams and shear walls as defined in [6] Section 5 were applied.

**Figure 21** illustrates the results of the pushover analysis for both building direction 1 and direction 2, which are identical.

After then, the coordinates of the pushover curves are input to the SPO2IDA Tool provided in [1] along with the building height (24.6 m or 80.71 feet), building weight (199235.85 kN or 44790.02 kips) and fundamental building period (1.96 seconds). Four control points are used to approximate the pushover curve as illustrated in **Figure 22**.

**Figure 23** present the results of the SPO2IDA evaluation. The value of ^ *Sa*(*T)* is estimated as 1.16 g.

**6. Collapse fragility and collapse mode**

*Normative quantity estimation tool, building definition table.*

*Natural Hazards - Impacts, Adjustments and Resilience*

**Figure 13.**

**Figure 14.**

**Figure 15.**

**240**

*Example fragility of SMF.*

The collapse fragility is defined as having a median value ^

For this purpose, we have used the non-linear static analysis approach in SAP2000

*Normative quantity estimation tool, component summary matrix showing non-structural inventories.*

*Sa*(*T)* and a dispersion.

**Figure 18.** *Electrical distribution.*

**7. Define earthquake Hazard**

*Pushover curve developed by analysis.*

*Plastic hinge map in X direction earthquake loading.*

*Performance-Based Design for Healthcare Facilities DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95320*

**Figure 20.**

**Figure 21.**

**243**

Ground motion prediction equations provide estimates of spectral response acceleration parameters for specified earthquake magnitude and site-to-source dis-

Most ground motion prediction equations provide geometric mean (geomean)

where *Sx* and *Sy* are orthogonal components of spectral response acceleration at period T. The *x* and *y* directions could represent the actual recorded orientations, or

Intensity-based assessments require a target acceleration response spectrum and suites of 11 pair of ground motions scaled for compatibility with this spectrum (see **Figure 25**). **Figure 26** represents the selected ground motion pairs with geomean

To determine the building's fundamental translational periods in two orthogonal

directions, modal analysis is performed. The fundamental periods in x- and ydirections are 1.94 sec. and 1.98 sec., respectively. Then, the average fundamental

ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi **Sx**ð Þ **T** ∗ **Sy**ð Þ **T**

(1)

tance based on regression analyses of past strong motion recordings.

**Sgm** ¼

spectra that are similar in shape to the target response spectrum.

q

spectral response accelerations represented by the quantity:

they could represent a rotated axis orientation.

period of the building is considered as:

**Figure 19.** *SAP2000 hinges application at beam.*

The collapse fragility is thus defined as having a median value of Sa(T) of 1.16 g and a dispersion of 0.6 as entered into the PACT Collapse Fragility panel (**Figure 24**).

The number of independent collapse modes which can occur and thus the probability of each is difficult to predict analytically. To figure out these data, the user must use judgment supported upon building type, structural system, experience, and analytical inferences. When using the simplified analysis approach, limited analytical information regarding potential collapse modes is out there. For this instance, just one mode of collapse is taken under consideration. More information's gained from numerous response history analyses can give additional insight into potential collapse modes.

*Performance-Based Design for Healthcare Facilities DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95320*

#### **Figure 20.**

*Plastic hinge map in X direction earthquake loading.*

**Figure 21.** *Pushover curve developed by analysis.*
