**4. Outline of the experiment**

This study compared and verified evacuation shelters' operations with or without the BOSS in the case of flood disaster in Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture under COVID-19. Kawasaki City managed a large-scale disaster for the first time due to the 2019 East Japan Typhoon, subject to the Disaster Relief Act. During the typhoon, Kawasaki city analyzed the weather information and used a disaster warning system two days before the typhoon was closest. The city prepared and responded with the attitude of "thinking the worst-case and doing everything that should be done." However, as a result, various kinds of issues became apparent, such as the fact that information on the site was not reported to the headquarters (EOC, emergency operation center).

making becomes clear simultaneously, and the decision-making process can be

A process consists of three layers: large process, middle process, and small process (specific procedure). A large process is a process expressed and mainly comprises "organizations" such as departments and groups. The middle process refers to a medium-scale process expressed and mainly represents "resources" such

This research created a shelter operation workflow on the BOSS based on the Kawasaki city shelter operation manual. As a result, 244 kinds of intermediate

*Evacuation center management workflow built-in BOSS. (upper row: Workflow, lower row: Detail sheet).*

as humans and machines and "things" such as materials. A small process is described as a small-scale process expressed in units, and mainly represents one decision-making by a single resource or an action that ends with one work [18].

shared among concerning stakeholders.

*Natural Hazards - Impacts, Adjustments and Resilience*

**3.2 How to build evacuation center operations**

processes were prepared (**Figure 1**).

**Figure 1.**

**102**

Based on this experience, the BOSS can be used to improve disaster response and verify how to change the operations.

Verification experiments will be conducted twice, and the differences will be discussed.

### **4.1 First experiment: June 24, 2019 (Wednesday)**

#### *4.1.1 Overview*

On June 24 (Wednesday), 2020, at the Kawasaki City Higashi-Kokura Elementary School Gymnasium, the experiment about operations of the evacuation center with the BOSS or without BOSS (with conventional paper manual) were performed.

In the experiment, at the scenario setting, the number of people who tested positive for COVID-19 was increasing in Kawasaki City for several days, and heavy rain fell due to the linear rainbands around noon on that day. Level 3 evacuation preparation was organized at 14:10. The evacuation was issued for vulnerable people such as the elderly. It was set to prepare for the establishment of an evacuation center.

#### *4.1.2 Verification category*

In the experiment, the team was divided into two groups: the manual team (without the BOSS) and the BOSS team (with the BOSS), and both teams operated the shelter simultaneously. Each team consisted of three members. The manual team was staffed by the Saiwai Ward staff of Kawasaki city, and the Kawasaki City Crisis Management Office staffed the BOSS team. The structure of the threemembers teams consists of one leader and two staff.

Also, the gymnasium of Higashi-Kokura Elementary School was divided into two spaces, the left side of **Figure 2** was the manual team, and the right side was the BOSS team.

Two manuals were used by the manual team as the shelter operation manual for wind and flood damage (Manual 1) and COVID-19 countermeasures in evacuation center management (Manual 2). The former is an evacuation shelter operation manual in the event of a typhoon disaster. However, as the manual does not include measures for COVID-19, the latter manual was also used to supplement the points of infectious disease. **Tables 1** and **2** show the principal works of each manual.

#### *4.1.3 Characteristics of each team*

The characteristics of each team member are described here. The manual team leader is a staff member in his second month, who joined the Kawasaki city office as a new graduate this year and is in charge of the disaster management department. The other members are staff members in their fifth and fourth years and contribute to promoting the city development department at the Saiwai Ward government office of Kawasaki city office. All of them are new graduates and have no experience as business/private company members. They have received training on storm and flood disasters this year but have no experience in operating shelters during real disasters.

On the other hand, the BOSS team leader is a staff member who has been working for the Kawasaki city office for five years. After working at the ward office for three years, the leader was transferred to the Kawasaki City disaster management department and has short-term experience in operating evacuation centers during typhoons in the 2019 East Japan typhoon disaster. Members consisted of the

mid-career members. One member has passed two years at the disaster management department after twelve years of working with a private company. The other has passed seven years working for the Kawasaki city office. All members had

**Work Description Specific Content**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94954*

Reception Reception card

Confirmation of communication Contact to ward headquarters

Improvement of acceptance

environment

*Gymnasium classification.*

**Table 1.**

**Figure 2.**

**Table 2.**

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Meeting Confirmation of work to be performed on a time series basis Division of roles

*Disaster Management Process Approach: Case Study by BOSS for Disaster Response under…*

Pet, animal space

*Contents of the emergency evacuation center operation manual in case of wind and flood damage (manual 1).*

Securing evacuation space exclusively for levers separating evacuation space

**Work Description Specific Contents**

Confirmation of goods Thermometer

*Contents of measures for COVID-19 in evacuation centers (manual 2).*

Toilet paper LED lantern

Simple air mat in space for people who need consideration

Separating toilets and flow lines

disinfection liquid

Tape for social distancing

Mask Goggles *Disaster Management Process Approach: Case Study by BOSS for Disaster Response under… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94954*

#### **Figure 2.** *Gymnasium classification.*

Based on this experience, the BOSS can be used to improve disaster response and

Verification experiments will be conducted twice, and the differences will be

On June 24 (Wednesday), 2020, at the Kawasaki City Higashi-Kokura Elementary School Gymnasium, the experiment about operations of the evacuation center with the BOSS or without BOSS (with conventional paper manual) were performed. In the experiment, at the scenario setting, the number of people who tested positive for COVID-19 was increasing in Kawasaki City for several days, and heavy rain fell due to the linear rainbands around noon on that day. Level 3 evacuation preparation was organized at 14:10. The evacuation was issued for vulnerable people such as the elderly. It was set to prepare for the establishment of an evacuation

In the experiment, the team was divided into two groups: the manual team (without the BOSS) and the BOSS team (with the BOSS), and both teams operated the shelter simultaneously. Each team consisted of three members. The manual team was staffed by the Saiwai Ward staff of Kawasaki city, and the Kawasaki City Crisis Management Office staffed the BOSS team. The structure of the three-

Also, the gymnasium of Higashi-Kokura Elementary School was divided into two spaces, the left side of **Figure 2** was the manual team, and the right side was the

Two manuals were used by the manual team as the shelter operation manual for wind and flood damage (Manual 1) and COVID-19 countermeasures in evacuation center management (Manual 2). The former is an evacuation shelter operation manual in the event of a typhoon disaster. However, as the manual does not include measures for COVID-19, the latter manual was also used to supplement the points of infectious disease. **Tables 1** and **2** show the principal works of each manual.

The characteristics of each team member are described here. The manual team leader is a staff member in his second month, who joined the Kawasaki city office as a new graduate this year and is in charge of the disaster management department. The other members are staff members in their fifth and fourth years and contribute to promoting the city development department at the Saiwai Ward government office of Kawasaki city office. All of them are new graduates and have no experience as business/private company members. They have received training on storm and flood disasters this year but have no experience in operating shelters

On the other hand, the BOSS team leader is a staff member who has been working for the Kawasaki city office for five years. After working at the ward office for three years, the leader was transferred to the Kawasaki City disaster management department and has short-term experience in operating evacuation centers during typhoons in the 2019 East Japan typhoon disaster. Members consisted of the

verify how to change the operations.

**4.1 First experiment: June 24, 2019 (Wednesday)**

*Natural Hazards - Impacts, Adjustments and Resilience*

members teams consists of one leader and two staff.

discussed.

*4.1.1 Overview*

center.

BOSS team.

*4.1.2 Verification category*

*4.1.3 Characteristics of each team*

during real disasters.

**104**

