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**41**

**Chapter 3**

**Abstract**

forensic samples

**1. Introduction**

Sample Traceability in Toxicology

Sampling is an instrument that allows having a portion that represents a whole, and, quantitatively, it allows to measure a specific analyte or several analytes, for diagnostic, clinical, and forensic exposure or control over time, based in a preestablished and validated study plan. In clinical and forensic samples from one individual, the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic factors should be considered in order to choose the most adequate matrix to study. In case of deceased individuals, additional matrices should be considered to the usual matrix. Sampling should be representative as for quality and quantity and should be associated to a chain of custody. Transport, storage, and analysis of samples are related to the type of matrix and the analyte to identify/measure. All samples should be traceable in any stage of the analysis and should receive an internal codification on entry. Also, the analytical method should be validated and associated to a traceable quality management system. Lastly, biosafety should consider the international recommendations for classification of mixtures and the residue management, in order to ensure the

**Keywords:** traceability, custody chain, experimental samples, clinical samples,

Sampling is an instrument that allows having a portion that represents a whole, and, quantitatively, it allows to measure a specific analyte or several analytes, for diagnostic, clinical, and forensic exposure or control over time, based in a pre-

According to the different standards, guidelines, or criteria, national and international or statistical criteria, the size of the samples will be defined. This applies specifically to studies of pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, or productive procedures, and it also applies to clinical studies, experimental toxicology and ecotoxicology. On the other hand, in clinical and forensic samples from one individual, toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic factors should be considered in order to choose the most

All sampling process must consider aspects related to the sampling, such as identity; name; ID or DNI, if applicable; court order; or customer's request. On the other hand, it's important to consider the type of container and specific requirements, such as moment or time of sampling. This is imperative for occupational

*Laura Börgel Aguilera and Melissa Schulthess*

operativity of the technical working group.

established and validated study plan.

adequate matrix to study.

**2. Considerations**

#### **Chapter 3**
