**2.1 Patient's VR system**

One can see in **Figure 2** the patient's MedBike hardware configuration. The system consists of a mountain bike mounted on a wirelessly controlled resistance machine (KICKR) from Wahoo Inc. The resistance machine is connected to the patient's PC using an ANT+ interface. The bike is also instrumented with a professional wireless (ANT+) cadence sensor. In addition, a steering sensor composed of a rotary encoder is mounted on the handle bar, digitized by a Phidgets board and connected by USB to the graphic PC. The bike is also instrumented by an Android tablet mounted on the handle bar which is responsible for collecting the vital sign sensors (ECG, Oximeter, Blood Pressure meter) using Bluetooth (**Figure 3**). The tablet is also used as the main interface for the patient initiating authentication, selecting and modifying menu items, and controlling bike system states. The high-end graphic control PC is a machine that renders Unity 3D world which is

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*MedBike: Virtual Reality for Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation*

synchronized with the bike sensors and the training parameters specified by the clinician. This computer system is used as a data transmission HUB (See **Figure 4**)

• Control the bike programmable resistance machine using the virtual world

• Establish encrypted audio/video connection between the clinician and the

• Perform medical data transmission to the patient's data using standard encryp-

• Save patient information to a cloud-based server using Django application and

• Receive encrypted clinician information that set the minimum and maximum cadence as well as the power ranges a patient should achieve during his/her training;

• Update, using the internet, other cyclist avatar locations and status if the

On the clinician side, the system is based on a high-end PC where all the information from up to six patients can be displayed and analyzed (see **Figures 6** and **7**). The session starts by first establishing patient and clinician authentication credentials with the MedBike server. Once established, each patient is attributed an encryption

For each patient, the clinician set a unique exercise program using an exercise program editor. Each patient-specific exercise program can have an arbitrary number of stages with different lengths and target power outputs. Typically, these exercise programs include a warm-up, exercise, and cool-down stages. Other programs can also be specified such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT)

• Render the Unity 3D world based on bike sensor data (see **Figure 5**);

terrain and resistance limits specified by the clinician;

key to encode the information transmitted during the session.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85651*

and is responsible to:

**Figure 3.**

patient using WebRTC;

*Android tablet for interface and data HUB.*

tion algorithm;

a MySQL database;

system is in multi-player mode.

**2.2 Clinician's telemonitoring system**

parameters. These exercise programs include:

**Figure 2.** *MedBike patient hardware.*

*MedBike: Virtual Reality for Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85651*

*Assistive and Rehabilitation Engineering*

the system;

etc.;

session.

**2.1 Patient's VR system**

bandwidth not exceeding 5 Mbps;

○ Patient's medical records;

ranges that must be achieved;

• The patient system must be able to work on public internet services with

• Clinician should be able to monitor six patients at a time which include:

sions (sessions completed individually without clinician);

○ Secure video conferencing with each patient;

• A patient should be able to see animated avatars of other patients connected to

○ Real-time access to patient's vital signs, current power produced, cadence,

○ Access to data from previous MedBike sessions, including from player ses-

○ Ability to specify exercise parameters such as target power and cadence

○ Ability to record medical notes and performance of the patient during a

One can see in **Figure 2** the patient's MedBike hardware configuration. The system consists of a mountain bike mounted on a wirelessly controlled resistance machine (KICKR) from Wahoo Inc. The resistance machine is connected to the patient's PC using an ANT+ interface. The bike is also instrumented with a professional wireless (ANT+) cadence sensor. In addition, a steering sensor composed of a rotary encoder is mounted on the handle bar, digitized by a Phidgets board and connected by USB to the graphic PC. The bike is also instrumented by an Android tablet mounted on the handle bar which is responsible for collecting the vital sign sensors (ECG, Oximeter, Blood Pressure meter) using Bluetooth (**Figure 3**). The tablet is also used as the main interface for the patient initiating authentication, selecting and modifying menu items, and controlling bike system states. The high-end graphic control PC is a machine that renders Unity 3D world which is

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**Figure 2.**

*MedBike patient hardware.*

**Figure 3.** *Android tablet for interface and data HUB.*

synchronized with the bike sensors and the training parameters specified by the clinician. This computer system is used as a data transmission HUB (See **Figure 4**) and is responsible to:

