Meet the editor

Hussain Al-Rizzo received his Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada. In 2000 he joined the Systems Engineering Department, University Arkansas Little Rock where he is currently a Professor of Telecommunication Systems Engineering. He has published over 200 papers in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings, 6 book chapters, and 4 patents. His research areas

include implantable antennas and wireless systems, smart antennas, massive MIMO systems, electromagnetic wave scattering by complex objects, design, modeling and testing of high-power microwave applicators, precipitation effects on terrestrial and satellite frequency re-use communication systems, field operation of NAVSTAR GPS receivers, data processing, and accuracy assessment, and the effects of the ionosphere, troposphere and multipath on code and carrier-beat phase GPS observations.

Contents

Orthogonal Radiation Patterns

*and Samer Yahya*

Communications

Communications

Techniques

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 43**

**Chapter 4 65**

**Chapter 5 93**

**Chapter 6 103**

**Chapter 7 119**

Decoupled and Descattered Monopole MIMO Antenna Array with

*by Hussain Al-Rizzo, Ayman A. Isaac, Sulaiman Z. Tariq*

Low-Profile Metamaterial-Based Adaptative Beamforming

*by Haisheng Hou, Haipeng Li, Guangming Wang, Tong Cai,*

*by Amer T. Abed, Mahmood J. Abu-AlShaer and Aqeel M. Jawad*

Radiation Pattern Synthesis of Planar Arrays Using Parasitic

*by Jafar Ramadhan Mohammed and Karam Mudhafar Younus*

New Radiation Pattern-Reconfigurable 60-GHz Antenna for 5G

*by Yasir I.A. Al-Yasir, Hasanain A.H. Al-Behadili, Baha A. Sawadi,*

Ultra Wide Band Antenna with Defected Ground Plane and Microstrip Line Fed for Wi-Fi/Wi-Max/DCS/5G/Satellite

*by Ashish Singh, Krishnananda Shet and Durga Prasad*

Patches Fed by a Small Number of Active Elements

*Naser Ojaroudi Parchin, Ahmed M. Abdulkhaleq, Abdulkareem S. Abdullah and Raed A. Abd-Alhameed*

*by Chung-Tse Michael Wu and Pai-Yen Chen*

High Performance Metasurface Antennas

Fractal Antennas for Wireless Communications

*Xiangjun Gao and Wenlong Guo*

## Contents


## **Chapter 8 131**

Noise Characteristic Analysis of Multi-Port Network in Phased Array Radar *by Yu Hongbiao*

## **Chapter 9 143**

Wearable Textile Antennas with High Body-Antenna Isolation: Design, Fabrication, and Characterization Aspects *by Nikolay Atanasov, Gabriela Atanasova and Blagovest Atanasov* Preface

Recent developments in wireless communications such as 4G and the upcoming 5G cellular system, MIMO and massive MIMO, implantable and wearable systems, satellite, and radar systems, impose stringent design specifications and constraints. This book aims to present the latest developments in modern printed-circuit antennas written by experts in the field. This book consists of nine chapters. It is ideal for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and engineers/researchers work-

Chapter One introduces a new concept to reduce mutual coupling among closelyspaced antenna elements of a MIMO array. This concept results in a significant reduction in the complexity of traditional approaches such as metamaterials, defected ground plane structures, parasitic elements, matching and decoupling networks using a planar metallic ring resonator printed on one face of an ungrounded substrate that surrounds a two-element vertical monopole antenna array. It is demonstrated both by simulations and measurements that the mutual coupling is reduced by at least 20 dB, maintaining the impedance bandwidth over which *S*<sup>11</sup> is less than 10 dB, and reducing the envelope correlation coefficient to below 0.001. The two vertical monopoles are operating at 2.4 GHz and separated by

In Chapter Two, recent research advances on beamforming and spatial multiplexing techniques using reconfigurable metamaterials (MTMs) and metasurfaces are reviewed. This chapter describes basic principles of transmission line-based metamaterials and planar metasurfaces, followed by their active versions that enable novel smart antennas with beam steering and beamshaping functions. Detailed descriptions of their practical realizations and the integration with circuits and the radio-frequency (RF) frontend are also discussed. The latest metasurfacebased beamforming techniques are explained and compared for their uses in the

In Chapter Three a new ultrathin broadband reflected metasurface is proposed for applications involving high-gain planar antennas. A multilayer, multifunctional transmitted metasurface is next introduced to simultaneously enhance the gain and transform linear polarization to circular polarization of a patch antenna. This kind of high-gain antenna eliminates the feed-block effects of the reflected ones.

Chapter Four discusses how traditional size limitations can be overcome using a fractal geometry antenna. The shape is repeated into a limited size such that the total length of the antenna is increased to match, for example, half of the wavelength of the corresponding desired frequency. Many fractal geometries, e.g., the tree, Koch, Minkowski, and Hilbert fractals, are common. This chapter describes the details of designing, simulations, and experimental measurements of fractal antennas. Based on dimensional geometry in terms of desired frequency bands, the characteristics of each iteration are investigated in order to improve the antenna design process. The surface current distribution is analyzed to enhance the circular polarization radiation and axial ratio bandwidth. Simulation and experimental

8 mm (*λ*<sup>o</sup> /16), where *λ*<sup>o</sup> is the free-space wavelength at 2.45 GHz.

RF-to-millimeter-wave range in terms of cost, reconfigurability, system

ing in the field of antenna design.

integratability and radiation properties.
