**Acknowledgements**

*Advanced Methods and New Materials for Cultural Heritage Preservation*

Camera pose estimation

estimation

sentient

mobile augmented reality system

**Researcher Area Indoor Outdoor 3-D** 

Yuan [17] 3D camera pose X X

X

X

Fukuda et al. [24] AR registration X X X Chen et al. [25] AR tracking X X

Lima et al. [40] AR tracking X X X

Andrés et al. [27] VR generation X X X

VR reconstruction X X

Pang et al. [33] AR registration X X Hanisch et al. [26] VR reconstruction X

**reconstruction**

X X X

X X X

Mobile AR X X

AR tracking X X X

AR tracking X X X

AR tracking X X X

VR reconstruction X X X

VR reconstruction X X X

X X X

X X

X X X

**Realistic VR**

**70**

**9. Conclusion**

Sudirman and El-Rhalibi [16]

HoK llerer et al.

Jacquemin et al.

Lee and Höllerer

Honkamaa et al.

Reitmayr and Drummond [38]

El-Hakim and Beraldin [28]

Bres and Tellez [30]

[31]

[32]

**Table 1.**

Galmangoda et al.

Purnami and Putri

Kolivand and El Rhalibi [23]

Zoellner et al. [29] Cultural heritage

layers

Mobile applications in culture heritage

Realistic virtual heritage

*A full comparison of different techniques for marker-less augmented reality.*

[20]

[22]

[36]

[37]

Frikha et al. [18] Camera pose

Newman et al. [21] AR wide-area

This chapter has presented the survey of marker-less augmented reality system. In this chapter, we have discussed different techniques related to the augmented reality. An overview on each of them was introduced, identifying the major features and highlighting the main characteristic of each technique. In addition, we have explained in detail the main issues with virtual heritage in augmented reality. We have introduced the key techniques for 3D reconstruction that used in cultural heritage. We have focussed on the main issues of augmented reality for cultural

The financial support of this research is provided by KE & I fund from Liverpool John Moores University.
