**7. Conclusion**

*Advanced Methods and New Materials for Cultural Heritage Preservation*

are the stages of scientific and creative achievements.

an especially spectacular and convincing manner.

discovery of the fundamental philosophical concepts.

the present, which allows achieving more level of generalization.

information and audible origins.

rational substantiation of functionalism in the architecture by Le Corbusier—these

strativeness; it may rise to some complete vision unavailable without natural overlook. The visual basis of any excursion is the excursion objects, serving mostly the centre of the guide's narrative. The excursion objects are the monuments of architecture and sculpture, memorial sites, natural sites, expositions of museums, art galleries and exhibitions. Memorial sites can be squares, streets and whole cities. The visible image of the demonstrated objects and phenomena is transferred through fine and graphical arts, which have an opportunity to imprint the reality in

The acutest problem for the guides is the achievement of audial and visual image. In the conducted excursions, visual images often illustrate the guide's text. The result is the illustrating lectures. However, on the way of eliminating this disadvantage, we more often face another extreme—isolation of the text from the narrative. The text does not only comment but even does not supplement the seen. It just indirectly relates to the images passing over the listener's eyes. Here, it is important to achieve the principle of connection of visual and observed with the

Scientific excursion is not only logics but also the source of complicated emotions. In the conscience of a scientist and any other person having rather a high level of emotional culture, scientific concepts and philosophical truths are coloured with emotions which are hard to describe. Often, not only the information contained in the scientific or philosophical truth but also the feelings that we experience in connection with this information allow us to appreciate the thoughts and to comprehend their depth and significance. That is why a miraculous ability of creative transformation is important, which provides the author-guide with the opportunity not only to "depict" and describe the object but also to think in it figuratively. The engine of the sensuous process can drive the viewer-excursionist to his or her own

Another quality of scientific excursion is spiritual community. Any excursion unites audience and provokes the necessity of communication and discussion of the heard and seen. Preparation of a new excursion now requires complex and systematic approach to studying the audience and conduction of certain sociological researches. The deeper the material is comprehended, the acuter the necessity in its discussion is. The guide applying in his or her analysis to the history recalls the past, where not only the historical fact is interesting by itself but also its correlation with

The pieces of art are perceived not just as a date with the past but as the dialogue with the present and future, whether they are connected with acquisition of new structures and technologies in architecture, new painting methods or sculptural forms. It seems that such scheme has nothing in common with the number of traditionally built pale narratives penetrating in the bulk of the usual excursions. The scientific way of thinking is generally characterized by a unique ability of mediating

The requirement of the scientificity principle covers not only the content of the material. It should be strictly observed also in the process of its narrative: scientific interpretation of the excursion facts, phenomena and concepts is an integral part of every excursion, not to describe but to explore the pieces of architecture, painting and sculpture on the basis of a certain artistic and historical or contemporary material. The conceptual and artistic potential of the guide's narrative will be sharply reduced if the audience perceives it only at the level of the plot of a book, not comprehending the content of the second, third and fourth layers. However, in the archive of the excursion study, there is a series of the qualities peculiar only to it. The first and the most simple is visual expression which is not equal to demon-

**22**

So, the correct solution of the problems connected with the methods for actualization of scientific information in the art excursions has not only a great cognitive but also great methodological value. It is like a focus where such key issues and categories for excursion and art study gather as objective and subjective, emotional and intellectual and reality and imagination.

Thus, the methods for actualization of scientific material in the structure of excursion and art study programme, their key components and the mechanisms of interaction with aesthetic, social and cultural and ideological context are the necessary conditions not only for studying the history of cultural monuments and artworks but also for solution of practical tasks of efficient application of it in the excursion process as a whole. Integration of science and art is provoked by the persistent live necessity of creating the united and entire scientific picture of the world, correspondent to the modern level of the accumulated knowledge.

*Advanced Methods and New Materials for Cultural Heritage Preservation*

## **Author details**

Tatiana Vasil'evna Portnova Institute of Arts of the Department "Art History", A.N. Kosygin Russian State University, Moscow, Russia

\*Address all correspondence to: infotatiana-p@mail.ru

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**25**

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