Preface

With the emergence of the concept of green chemistry, which is defined as the use of a dozen principles that reduce or eliminate hazardous materials in the design, manufacture, and use of chemical products, it is understood that focusing on precautions to reduce or eliminate existing pollution sources is more effective than looking for a cleaning path after exiting. In parallel with increasing and diversifying needs today, with the help of technological developments, production has also increased and diversified. However, in addition to the technical and economic suitability of the processes leading up to the final product, the elimination or reduction of adverse effects that might occur to our health and the environment is now being taken into consideration.

This book describes the principles of green chemistry for clean production in light of the latest technological developments and increasing environmental awareness. As regards industrial applications, in order to minimize wastes at the beginning of production, the book presents research on the development of alternative raw materials, new catalysts for use in the production stage, non-volatile solvents, nonhazardous chemicals, and rapidly renewable and reusable products that are biodegradable in nature by using renewable energy. This book consists of six chapters covering topics such as synthesis and applications of nanomaterials for energy and environmental applications, climate process, alternative green energy sources, and removal of emerging pollutants from water.

> **Murat Eyvaz** Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Turkey

> **Ebubekir Yüksel** Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Turkey

**1**

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

Applications

environmental remediation

**1. Introduction**

Recent Developments in

**Keywords:** nanocarbon, polymer composite, bio-polymer,

*Nanocarbon-Polymer Composites*

for Environmental and Energy

*Prateek Khare, Ratnesh Kumar Patel and Ravi Shankar*

Advancement in technology is brought up for both the industrialization and urbanization, which imitates the diverse pollutants as by-products to air-water ecosystem. Utilization of carbon is a very well-known age-old practice used for environmental remediation. In recent past years, a tremendous research inclination has been witnessed toward the sustainable development of nanocarbons specifically for environment remediation and energy applications. The new sustainable synthesis approached has been investigated for the development of sustainable nanocarbons. Tailoring the nanocarbon with polymer as a nanocomposite material has spotlighted a new class of environmentally benign bio-compatible materials. Herein, the present perspective is summarizing the basic-advanced research.

Use of chemical products such as, conventional energy reserves, synthetic detergents, pharmaceuticals, dyes, fertilizers, polymers and composites, food additives, agrochemicals, etc., increases over period time across the developing and developed countries and simultaneously is very important for the development of any economy. The society is consuming such products at an exponential rate and thereby generating pollutant in terms of fuel combustion, waste generation in the process operation and waste disposal [1]. Till date, due to their maximum operational, and consumption of the conventional energy reserves including, fossil fuel, and coal are the prime factors of increasing the pollutions to the biosphere at such alarming rate. Moreover, their residue generates unwanted carbon like carbon soot

interact ecosystem imparts their toxic nature and affects the ecology [2–4].

with technology advancement are very necessary and now have become a challenging task for the developing eco-friendly society in the biosphere. The concept of zero-waste production, waste prevention, and with use of efficient materials is the prime concerned for the industries, Therefore, for a healthy society, the role of green chemistry is significant, achieving these targets [5]. As it is a well-known

Developments of the green environmentally benign materials and its competent
