**6. Atomic spectroscopy: analytical working range**

The analytical working range can be considered as the concentration range over which quantitative results can be obtained without recalibration for system. Selecting a technique with an analytical working range based on the expected analyte concentrations, minimizes the analysis times by allowing the samples with different analyte concentrations to be analyzed together. For example; ICP-MS, once considered only an ultratrace element technique, can now run concentration ranges from low parts-per-trillion (ppt) level up to high parts per million (ppm). A wide analytical working range also can reduce, for example handling requirements, minimizing potential errors. **Figure 6** shows typical analytical working ranges with a single set of instrumental conditions [15].

**Figure 6.**

*Analytical working ranges for the major atomic spectroscopy techniques.*
